从神圣到世俗的欠发达地区乡村社区空间异化——国内背包客凝视下的亚丁村

ALIENATION OF RURAL COMMUNITY SPACE FROM SACREDNESS TO MUNDANESS: YADING VILLAGE UNDER CHINESE BACKPACKER'S GAZE

从旅游凝视理论的已有研究不足出发,利用内容分析法梳理出背包旅游者对亚丁的多感官凝视内容;通过田野调查并依据表演理论,研究亚丁村社区面对凝视所采取的调适机制及空间响应。最后从背包旅游者凝视和社区调适两方面提出欠发达地区旅游目的地的舞台管理者可能采取的管理路径。针对背包客的多重感官凝视和当地社区的反凝视调适,管理者一方面可以通过加强背包客自我凝视、改变凝视内容、促进其对村民正向示范效应而进行;另一方面要通过合理的制度安排进行社区反凝视能力建设,帮助原著居民站上舞台,展演其原生文化。本文对多向度凝视及旅游凝视与展演、迷思等的关系研究提出了新的理论启迪。

Tourist gaze is embodied, multimodal, and involves other sensescapes except visual sense, but so far little has been dug into on the other senses as well as on non-Western tourists gaze. Starting off from these deficiencies in current literature, the authors first explore the tourist multisensory gaze on Yading, a top Chinese backpacker tourist＇s destination based on content analysis method; and then elaborate how the local community has reacted spatially and socially under the gaze based on field study; finally propose two mana- gerial approaches from both tourist gaze perspective and community response perspective. It shows that Chinese backpacker＇s gaze upon Yading has been composed of visual, kinaesthetic, gustatory, audio, tactual, olfactory and complex sensory perceptions. Under such a mundane gaze, Yading has turned from a village at the foot of sacred mountains to another traveler＇s enclave, where the village＇s space accommodates neither the traditional ways of villager＇s production and lives, nor the modernized ways of the traveler＇s living styles. The village has been physically and socially alienated because the ＂brokers＂ （the outsider businessmen） take over their original space of living houses and the stage managers （the governmental tourism developers and managers） take over their power to make decisions on the village space. The indigenous Tibetan villagers thus are hidden from the front stage behind the brokers whom then become their cultural interpreters, and at the same time have to follow the top-down institutional arrangement assigned by the stage managers. It has been pointed out that the stage manager should not just cater for the backpacker＇s gaze needs but also lead backpackers to a more reflexive intra-gaze to be responsible travelers.