河南省工业企业创新绩效及影响因素分析

ANALYSIS ON THE INNOVATION PERFORMANCE AND THE INFLUENCING FACTORS OF INDUSTRIAL ENTERPRISES IN HENAN PROVINCE

创新是经济发展的驱动力,影响区域创新绩效的因素很多,本文从宏观经济、行业、企业、外部力量等四个尺度构建了企业创新模型,利用1991年到2014年统计数据,探讨了人均GDP水平、产业集聚、企业规模、R&D、FDI、技术引进这六个因素对河南省专利授权量的影响。研究发现:在企业尺度上,企业规模、R&D经费显著正向影响河南工业企业的创新绩效;在中观尺度上,产业集聚还没有发挥很好的集聚效益;反映经济发展水平的人均GDP在统计上并未显著影响创新绩效,甚至是负影响;外部力量尺度上,外商直接投资增强了创新的绩效,而技术引进与创新绩效则呈显著负相关。综合来看,企业创新是一个多尺度因素相互作用的非线性过程,各种力量对创新的影响机理也较为复杂。

In the paper, the industrial enterprise innovation model is constructed from four dimensions, such as macroeconomic, industry, enterprise and external forces, discussed the influence of patent licensing on Henan province by six factors of per capita GDP, industrial agglomeration, industrial enterprise scale, FDI, R＆D and investment of technology introduction and transformation by using the method of econometrics. The research found that, on the size of the enterprise, enterprises scale is important factor of innovation, the enterprise scale, R＆D funds significantly positive impact on innovation performance, so it should take the corresponding policies and measures to encourage large and medium-sized enterprises to increase R＆D in- vestment, establish innovation platform, increase independent research and development efforts, strengthen the independent innovation ability, at the same time, companies and universities, research institutes, and so on, strengthen cooperation and innovation; On the micro scale, industrial agglomeration has not played a very good gathering efficiency, impact of innovation by the industrial agglomeration degree measured by lo- cation entropy is only significant at the 0. l level, Per capita GDP that reflect economic scale has not signifi- cantly affected the innovation performance and even negative effects, it can illustrate that on the macro scale, the economic growth of Henan is mainly dependent on the resource based industries, labor intensive indus- tries, the promotion of high tech industry to the economy is not strong enough; On the scale of external forc- es, different influence from the introduction of technology to innovation performance, foreign direct invest- ment enhances the performance of innovation, technology introduction and innovation performance are sig- nificantly negative correlation.