论少数民族古籍中的疾病书写及疾病观——以云南民族古籍为例的探讨

Disease Introduction and Disease Concept in Ethnic Ancient Books:Illustrated by the Example of Ethnic Ancient Books in Yunnan Province

疾病及其应对是人类关注的首要问题之一,疾病文化是人类文化的重要组成部分,也是少数民族古籍的重要叙事内容。本文以病因认知、疗疾习惯及疾病观为主线,分析少数民族古籍中的疾病书写,认为各民族疾病认知各不相同,超自然力量作祟、人类德行失范导致疾病、天象变化是少数民族古籍中最普遍的病因观叙述;疾病治疗措施也大相径庭,有着多元的疗疾习惯;丰富的始祖(文化英雄)式医者、药王、孝子的疾病书写,其主旨是借用"疾病"场域培育、构建民族群体的疾病观、价值观。

Disease and its treatable solutions have been recognized to be one of the top issues for human concerns. Disease culture constitutes an important component of human culture, it is also important narrative content in ethnic ancient books. This essay focuses on etiology, traditional treatment and disease concept to analyze descriptions of diseases in ethnic ancient books. This essay shows that there are different conceptualizations exist regarding diseases within different minorities. Supernatural forces, moral deficiency of human will and changes in astronomical phenomena are the most common causes of disease recorded in ethnic ancient books. There also exists a broad difference and diversity in customary disease treatment methods. A rich diversity of disease descriptions by ancestral （cultural heroes） healer, medicine kings and medicinal devotees aim at using the category of ＂disease＂ to establish the concepts of disease and values with in ethnic groups.