环境规制、引致创新与中国工业绿色生产率提升

Environmental regulation,induced innovation,and growth of green productivity in China

选取2000—2012年中国省级面板数据,运用两阶段模型检验环境规制对环保技术创新和非环保技术创新、引致创新对绿色生产率提升的影响。研究结果表明,环境规制对R&D总投入和非环保技术创新均具有显著的激励作用,但与环保技术创新负相关;引致创新对绿色生产率提升具有正向促进作用,表明环境规制对绿色生产率的间接影响为正,且主要来自非环保技术创新的贡献,这在一定程度上表明"波特假说"成立的条件性。进一步地,在短期内,环境规制对绿色生产率的直接影响为负,但在长期内具有实现环境保护与竞争力提升"双赢"的可能性。因此,中国未来在进行环境规制工具的设计时,其对技术创新的激励能力是首要考虑的因素之一。

This paper employs a two-step model to examine the impact of environmental regulation on environmentally in- duced innovation and non-environmentally induced innovation, as well as the impact of induced innovation on green productiv- ity growth, with provincial-level data during 2000--2012. The results show that the environmental regulation significantly pro- motes both the total R＆D and non-environmental R＆D, while it is negatively related to environmental R＆D. The induced in- novation has a significantly positive effect on green productivity growth, indicating that environmental regulation has positive indirect effect on green productivity, which is mainly contribution of non-environmental technology innovation. It indicates that our conclusion supports the Porter hypothesis to some extent but with certain conditions. Furthermore, the direct impact of environmental regulation on green productivity is negative in the short term, but it＇s possible to achieve of a ＂win-win＂ of environmental protection and competitiveness. Therefore, the incentive of environmental regulatory for technological innova- tion should be one of the primary factors to consider when we design the environmental regulatory policies in the future.