国有企业改制对制造业企业工资与雇佣的动态影响

The dynamic effects of privatization reform of state-owned enterprise on wage and employment of Chinese manufacturing enterprises

本文在代理模型和工资议价模型的基础上研究了国有企业改制对企业的劳动力数量和成本的动态影响。本文采用倾向评分匹配-倍差法追踪了那些在初始年份为国有企业,后来逐步分化成国有、国有控股及私有控股的制造业企业。实证结果显示,国有企业改制可以降低企业人均工资、增加员工数量。改制前人均工资越高的企业的员工在改制后承受的收入损失也越大,因此改制有利于降低企业间员工收入的不平等。只有当控股权由国有资本转移到私有资本手中后,国有企业改制对工资和就业的影响才显著。

This paper analyzes the dynamic effects of privatization reform of state-owned enterprise （SOEs） on wage and employment of enterprises. We use propensity score matching-difference in difference （PSM-DID） method to track the manu- facturing firms which initiated as SOEs and gradually ended up as SOEs, state-controlled firms or private firms. Our research shows that privatization reform of SOEs can decrease average wage, increase employment and reduce wage inequality. The higher the average wage per capita before privatization, the loss of employee income after privatization is greater. So privatiza- tion reform is conducive to reducing the income inequality between employees. Only when majority ownership is transferred from the state-owned capital to private capital, the impact of reform of state-owned enterprise on wage and employment is sig- nificant.