企业创新对产能过剩的影响机制研究

Influence mechanism of firm innovation on overcapacity

当前供给侧结构性改革的关键在于如何缓解产能过剩矛盾。以2012年世界银行提供的关于中国制造业企业营商环境质量调查数据为基础,就企业创新能否成为一个有效的战略手段化解产能过剩矛盾进行了检验。研究结果显示:企业创新能够有效地提高企业的产能利用率,因此可将企业创新视为化解产能过剩的有效途径。不仅以产品差异化为目的的产品创新有助于提高产能利用率,而且以降低产品成本为目的的大部分工艺创新也能有效地提高产能利用率。此外,还揭示了企业创新影响产能利用率的调节机制,即政府管制弱化了企业创新所发挥的去产能效应,而法治水平则强化了企业创新的去产能效应。进一步地,稳健性检验结果表明,企业创新的去产能效应在不同规模和不同产能利用率的企业中表现出差异性,对于大中型企业和产能利用率较高的企业而言,企业创新所发挥的去产能效应会更加显著。

The key to current supply-side structural reformation is how to mitigate overcapacity. Using survey data pro- vided by World Bank in 2012 on institutional quality of Chinese manufacturing enterprise operation, this paper provides a em- pirical analysis on whether firm innovation can become an effective strategic means to resolve overcapacity. The results show that, firm innovation can effectively promote the utilization rate of capacity. Therefore, firm innovation could be seen as an ef- fective path to resolve overcapacity. Not only product innovations which involve product differentiation can help to increase ca- pacity utilization, but most of process innovations which tend to reduce production cost can also effectively help to increase ca- pacity utilization. In addition, this paper reveals the moderating mechanisms of firm innovation on capacity utilization, that is, government regulation weakens the DE-capacity effect of firm innovation, but the quality of rule of law strengthens the DE- capacity effect of firm innovation. Furthermore, the results of robust test show that, the DE-capacity effect of firm innovation is different with firms of different scales and capacity utilization rates. Firm innovation has even more significant and strong DE-capacity effect in large and medium-sized firms with higher capacity utilization rates.