不同灌溉技术条件下信贷约束对农户生产效率的影响——以甘肃张掖为例

The effects of credit constraints on peasant household production efficiency under different irrigation technologies in Zhangye,Gansu

农业生产效率低下是制约中国农业可持续发展的关键。由信贷约束引发的资本投入不足,生产要素配比不合理,以及节水灌溉等先进技术采用率低,是西北干旱地区农业生产效率低下的主要原因。基于此,本文使用甘肃张掖367户玉米种植户调研数据,在运用随机前沿生产函数法对不同灌溉技术条件下农户生产效率进行测算的基础上,从农户信贷金额、利率和期限三个维度探析信贷约束对农户生产效率的影响,并运用分位数回归模型,检验信贷约束对不同水平生产效率的影响。研究结果发现:节水灌溉技术对农户生产效率的提高有显著促进作用;金额约束和利率约束抑制生产效率的提高,而期限约束的影响则不显著;金额约束对生产效率较低农户的影响较大,而利率约束则对生产效率较高农户的影响更为突出。

Low efficiency of agricultural production is the main obstacle to the sustainable development of agriculture in China. The insufficient investment triggered by credit constraints, unreasonable ratio of production factors, and low adoption of water-saving irrigation technology are the main reasons of low agricultural production efficiency in the arid region of Northwest China. Based on data from 367 corn growers in Zhangye, Gansu, we calculated farmer production efficiency under different irrigation technologies using stochastic frontier production, and then evaluated the impact of credit constraint on farmer efficiency from three dimensions （amount constraint, interest rate constraint and term constraint）using Tobit modeling. We tested the impacts of credit constraints on different levels of production efficiency using the quantile regression model. We found that compared with traditional irrigation technology, water saving irrigation technology can improve farmer production efficiency. The amount constraint and interest rate constraint hinders improvement in production efficiency, while the influence of term constraint is not significant. The amount constraint affects farmers with low production efficiency and the impact of interest rate constraint is prominent for high efficiency farmers. These findings suggest that we can improve the northwest arid areas of water- saving irrigation technology adoption, ease credit constraints, and improve production efficiency of farmer households from the following aspects： stepping up efforts to support peasant household credit funds, reducing transaction costs and interest rates of rural financial markets, extending water- saving irrigation technology and increasing govemment subsidies for water-saving irrigation technology.