农户生计多样性弹性测度研究——以陕西省安康市为例

Measuring household livelihood diversification resilience:a case study in Ankang City of Shaanxi Province

在新的扶贫工作形势下,农户脱贫致富与自身的关系越来越密切,为了分析政府、社区支持活动对农户生计多样性弹性的作用与影响,本文提出了一个通用的弹性测度、分析研究框架,基于陕西省安康市农户生计与环境调查数据,采用实证研究方法对农户弹性进行了计算、测度与分析。研究发现:普遍弹性、特定弹性为常数,大小与可转换性有关;可转换性改变了脆弱性与适应性之间的关系,收入稳定性增加了构成不确定性;弹性可以用来判断发展能力和生计多样性可持续性,在落实识别贫困人口解决贫困问题的思路时,寻找穷人并支持的过程会影响整体农户、社区生计活动弹性,降低了农户、社区可持续发展能力。本文实现了生计多样性弹性量化研究从评价体系到测量分析体系的进展,为新形势下扶贫开发工作战略调整提供了基础理论研究和实践分析支持。

In order to analyze the function and influence of government and community support activities on household livelihood diversification resilience, we put forward a general measurement framework for estimating and analyzing resilience. The household resilience was computed, estimated and analyzed by means of empirical methods, based on the data for livelihood and environment collected via survey in Shaanxi Ankang. We found that the general resilience and special resilience of livelihood diversification resilience are constant, and the value of the resilience is related to transformation. The relationship between vulnerability and adaptability is changed by transformability, and household livelihood income becomes more stable, while the component of the household income becomes more uncertain. It is measured and judged by resilience that we estimate the development ability and the sustainability of the livelihood diversification of household and community. We find that on the way of helping the poor population get rid of poverty by the process of poor identification, the procedures of finding the poor and supporting them both affect the resilience of livelihood activities that belong to the whole household and community, therefore reducing the rural sustainable livelihood ability of households and communities. This paper makes progress from a traditional appraisal system to a measure and analysis system of the quantitative research for livelihood diversification resilience research framework. This research will support the basic study of theory research and practical analysis for poverty relief, as well as the strategic adjustment for poverty alleviation and development under new situations.