我国六省市腮腺炎病毒引起的脑炎脑膜炎构成及其流行特征分析

Detection and Epidemiological Characteristics of the Mumps Virus in Surveillance of Encephalitis and Meningitis in the Six Provinces of China

本研究基于2009~2015年我国北京、河北、湖南、山东、山西、陕西六个地区脑炎脑膜炎症候群监测数据,针对腮腺炎病毒引起的脑炎脑膜炎(简称腮腺炎脑炎脑膜炎)病例检出情况和流行病学特征进行系统分析。结果显示,2009~2015年期间,我国六个监测地区腮腺炎病毒是引起病毒性脑炎脑膜炎的主要病原之一。在6 002例脑炎脑膜炎监测病例中,共检测到489例腮腺炎脑炎脑膜炎病例,腮腺炎病毒阳性检出率为8.15%。通过流行病学分析,发现腮腺炎脑炎脑膜炎和普通腮腺炎的流行病学特征是一致的。腮腺炎脑炎脑膜炎发病主要集中在冬春季节;15岁以下的儿童和青少年是腮腺炎脑炎脑膜炎的主要发病人群,占腮腺炎脑炎脑膜炎总病例数的89.16%,腮腺炎病毒检测的阳性病例数和阳性检出率男性高于女性;发病人群主要为散居儿童、学生和幼托儿童;腮腺炎脑炎脑膜炎临床表现主要症状以发热、恶心、呕吐和精神萎靡为主。部分患者还表现为嗜睡、抽搐、意识障碍、脑膜刺激征、颈项强直等中枢神经感染症状。15岁以下儿童和青少年是我国预防腮腺炎脑炎脑膜炎的重点人群,也是腮腺炎病毒减毒活疫苗免疫接种的重点人群。本文通过对2009~2015年脑炎脑膜炎症候群监测病例中腮腺炎脑炎脑膜炎病例进行分析,初步阐明了腮腺炎病毒在我国病毒性脑炎脑膜炎症候群中检出情况和流行特征,为我国腮腺炎的防控,尤其是腮腺炎病毒引起的脑炎脑膜炎的防控提供了一定的基础数据。

Based on surveillance data of meningitis and encephalitis in the six major provinces（Beijing,Hebei,Hunan,Shandong,Shanxi,and Shannxi）in China's Mainland during 2009-2015,the detection and epidemiological characteristics of the mumps virus in patients with encephalitis or meningitis were analyzed.Results showed that during 2009-2015,the mumps virus in the six surveillance areas of China was one of the main pathogens causing encephalitis and meningitis.Among 6002 surveillance cases of viral encephalitis and meningitis,489 positive cases of mumps were identified.The prevalence of positive cases of mumps infection was≤8.15%.Epidemiological characteristics were identical between cases of mumps encephalitis,mumps meningitis,and＂common＂mumps.The cases of mumps encephalitis and mumps meningitis occurred mainly in the winter and spring,with most of them concentrated in those aged15years.The number and prevalence of mumps-positive cases in males was higher than those in females.The main symptoms were fever,vomiting,nausea,and malaise.Some patients also suffered lethargy,seizures,loss of consciousness,meningeal irritation,neck stiffness and other symptoms of infection of the central nervous system.Therefore,patients aged15years are susceptible to mumps encephalitis and mumps meningitis in China,and are also the target population for vaccine immunization against mumps.In conclusion,based on analyses of surveillance data for mumps encephalitis and mumps meningitis during 2009-2015in the six main provinces of China,we clarified the prevalence and epidemiological characteristics of viral encephalitis and meningitis.These epidemiological findings will be beneficial for the prevention and control of mumps（especially for mumps encephalitis and mumps meningitis）.