中国地级以上城市人口流动网络研究——基于百度迁徙大数据的分析

Research on China's Urban Population Mobility Network: Based on Baidu Migration Big Data

文章基于百度迁徙大数据,运用复杂网络分析方法,构建中国334个城市间人口日常流动网络模型,测度并分析其复杂性网络特征。结果显示,城市行政级别的高低与人口流动影响力存在一定的正相关关系,大部分城市在人口流动上处于"相对平衡"状态;城市间人口流动网络显现出明显的等级层次性,东部沿海三大城市群依旧是人口流动的热点区域,但西部地区中心城市的网络影响力大幅提升。整个网络在空间上呈现出"两大四小"多中心的格局,其中北京与上海为"两大"中心,重庆、西安、广州和武汉为"四小"中心,6个中心节点在整个网络中处于绝对主导地位,但各自的流场分布又有所差异。网络中城市等级与流动距离存在一定的正相关关系,空间距离依然是人口流动的重要约束力。整个人口流动网络符合无标度网络特性,并呈现出典型的"小世界"网络特征,说明中国城市人口流动网络具有较高的连通性和可达性。

Based on the Baidu Migration big data, using the complexity network analysis tools, this paper constructs a model of the urban population mobility network covering 334 cities, and measures and analyses the characteristics of the complex structure of the network. The result shows that there is a positive correlation between the level of urban administration and the influence of population mobility. Most cities are in a state of 'relative equilibrium' in the population mobility, and the urban population mobility network shows obvious hierarchy. Although the eastern coast of the three major urban agglomerations remain as the hot areas of population mobility, the central cities of the western region keep enhancing their influence within the network. The whole network presents obviously multi-core network pattern, which contains 'Two hubs and Four sub-centers'. Beijing and Shanghai are the two hubs, and the four sub-centers contain Chongqing, Xi'an, Guangzhou and Wuhan. These six center nodes are in absolute dominant position in the whole network, but the distribution of each migration network is different. In this network, the ranking of cities and the migrant distance are positively related, but spatial distance is still one of the important binding forces of population mobility. The whole network is in line with the characteristics of the scale free network, and it presents a typical 'small world' network characteristic, which shows that China's urban population mobility network has high connectivity and accessibility.