家庭电力消费、家庭收入与最低生活保障制度的瞄准率

Family Electricity Consumption,Family Income and the Targeting Rate of Minimum Living Standard Security System:An Analysis on the CFPS2012 and CFPS2014 Data

由于家庭收入核定难度大、入户调查成本高等原因,中国最低生活保障制度的瞄准率难以让人满意。而生计资产测量法、指标代理法等方法需要大量人力物力配套,因此,可操作性有限。文章通过对2012和2014年中国家庭追踪调查数据的分析,发现城乡居民的家庭电力消费与家庭收入之间存在很强的相关关系。家庭电力消费数据精确完整,不易造假,调查成本低。在调查成本相同的情况下,家庭电力消费排序法可以有效降低错保率。文章建议,将低保(申请)家庭过去1年的家庭电力消费作为家庭收入调查的参考指标,对电力消费相对较多的低保(申请)家庭实行重点审查,达到精准扶贫的目的。

Due to the difficulty of family income evaluation and high costs of household survey, the targeting rate of Minimum Living Standard Security System is unsatisfactory in China. Livelihood Asset Measurement, Proxy Means Testing and some other methods are hard to be used due to lots of manpower and resources are required to collect and verify the data. This paper finds that the family electricity consumption is significantly correlated with the family income based on the analysis on the CFPS2012 and CFPS2014 Data. The family electricity consumption data is accurate, hard to forge and easy to access. The Family Electricity Consumption Ranking Method can lower the mis-targeting rate effectively and economically. To achieve targeted poverty alleviation, this paper suggests that uses families' last annual electricity consumption as a reference index and to carefully verify those families with more electricity consumption in the means test of the Minimum Living Standard Security System.