民族地区人口迁移与区域经济差异空间联动效应分析

Spatial Linkage Effects of Population Migration and Regional Economic Disparity in Ethnic Minority Areas

文章在对民族地区人口迁移与区域经济差异互动机理及空间格局演化进行分析的基础上,结合实地调查资料,探讨了民族地区人口迁移与区域经济差异的空间联动效应。结果显示,民族地区人口迁移与区域经济差异呈现一定的空间集聚性,二者空间关联也从相离走向相合;民族地区经济差异的逐渐扩大与迁移动力不足源于宗教文化与市场文化的难以调适,也与对口支援工作的"重量不重质"、交通等基础设施的严重缺位、城乡二元结构稳固及人力资本存量不足有关。政府不合理地干预市场导致民族地区经济发展存在偏离地区比较优势的倾向,削弱了地区经济整体实力并扩大了区域差异;民族高度聚集区居民幸福感高涨是其"固守本土"的主要内因,而无上限的政府扶持则放大了民族地区人口的迁移惰性;城镇化进程的不合理使其在吸引剩余劳动力、缩小区域经济差异上表现出边际收益递减效应。文章针对这些问题提出了相应政策建议。

Based on the analyze of the interaction mechanism and spatial pattern evolution of population migration and regional economic disparity in ethnic regions, combined with fieldwork experience, this paper studies spatial linkage effect between population migration and regional economic disparity in ethnic minority areas. The results show that population migration and regional economic disparity in ethnic areas have to a certain degree spatial agglomeration and displacement, and their spatial association also tends to shift from deviation to consistency. The expanded economic gaps and insufficient population mobility among the ethnic regions are caused by uncoordinated status between religious culture and market culture. Also low quality of partnership support, inadequate transportation facilities, stable urban and rural dual structure, and serious shortage of human capital aggravate the situation. The government's unreasonable market behavior makes the market economy deviate from the comparative advantage, weaking local economic strength and resulting in economic differentiation. The high sense of happiness is the main reason for the ethnic populations staying behind, and the unlimited government aid enlarged the migration inertia in those ethnic regions.Irrational urbanization is no longer conducive to narrowing the economic disparities and promoting migration. The paper presents suggestions to improve the situation.