20世纪80年代以来拉美高等教育“自由化”改革评析

Evaluation of Latin American “Liberal” Higher Education Reform since 1980s

20世纪80年代,拉美国家顺应历史发展潮流和现实客观需要,实施了高等教育"自由化"改革,希望通过改革增加高等教育的公正性与平等性,从而提高社会底层群体的社会地位,促进拉美社会的和谐发展。但由于削减政府干预的政策实施过于粗放、竞争机制产生的作用过度市场化、私立高等教育发展过于商业化,这一高等教育改革产生了难以消除的负面效应。对于拉美国家底层群体来说,接受高等教育的门槛并没有降低,反而有抬高的趋势;高等教育的公正性、平等性不仅没有得以充分体现,反而呈现出反向态势;优质的高等教育资源也没有增多,而是进一步减少。因此,拉美高等教育"自由化"改革没有完成既定目标。

Keeping up with historical development and realistic necessity, Latin American countries implemented higher education reform with liberal orientation from the 1980s. The reform intended to promote disadvantage group＇ s social status and a harmonious social development through improving the fairness and equality of higher education, But at the operating level, the reform has produced negative effects difficult to eliminate due to improper implementation of the measures. Instead of lowering the threshold of the access to higher education, it has a tendency to make it more difficult for the poor social group. Instead of promoting fairness and equality, it has presented a reverse situation. Education resources of high quality have also decreased. In conclusion Latin American ＂liberal＂ higher education reform has mot realize its goal.