集群航天器网络发展现状及关键技术

Development status and key technology of spacecraft cluster network

为研究新兴集群航天器网络的发展现状及其亟需解决的关键技术难题,对目前该领域的文献进行了分析与总结.集群航天器是一种通过无线链路进行信息交互的,多航天器间协同工作的新型航天器构架,服务于未来日益复杂多样的空间探索任务.首先,结合卫星集群的定义,明晰了集群航天器网络的概念.然后,分析目前分布式协同工作的空间探索任务,阐述了集群航天器的发展历程,并从图论和轨道动力学角度描述了集群航天器网络的特征.最后,总结了集群航天器网络发展过程中亟需解决的关键技术难题,包括网络拓扑控制技术、路由技术、空间互联协议技术、协议跨层资源调配技术等,并结合其他领域研究热点提出了相应的发展建议.研究表明,集群航天器网络的技术研究尚处于初始阶段,仍有许多技术难题亟需解决,同时,成熟的互联网、移动传感器网络等可作为关键技术难题突破的参考.

To study the development status and technical problems of the emerging spacecraft cluster network,this paper analyzes the latest literatures in this field. Spacecraft cluster is a kind of novel multiple spacecraft collaborative work framework, which performs information interaction via wireless links and serves to the increasingly complex and diverse space exploration missions in the future. First,this paper makes the concept of spacecraft cluster network clear by involving the definition of satellite cluster. Then,it analyzes the current status and development course of the distributed space exploration missions as well as describes the spacecraft cluster network from the perspective of theory and orbital dynamics. Finally,it summarizes the key technical problems when studying spacecraft cluster network,including topology control strategies,data routing algorithm,space intercommunication protocol, cross-layer resource allocation algorithms. It also puts forward some corresponding suggestions of development. The result shows that technologies in spacecraft cluster network are still at the initial stage,and several key technical problems need to be solved. Some mature networks,e. g.,Internet and Mobile Sensor Network,can serve as technical reference models for the breakthrough of these problems.