韭菜提取物及其主要活性物质防控苹果轮纹病发生的研究

Control Effect of Chinese Leek Extract and Its Main Bioactive Components on Apple Ring Rot Incidence

本文研究了韭菜提取液对苹果轮纹病菌菌丝生长及其形态的影响;以苹果枝条和果实为材料,研究了韭菜提取液对苹果轮纹病的抑制作用;并进一步探索了韭菜中4种主要活性成分对苹果轮纹病菌菌丝生长的抑制作用。结果表明,在离体条件下韭菜提取液对苹果轮纹病菌菌丝生长具有显著的抑制作用,在韭菜提取液为1:250(1 g韭菜/250 mL水)和1:100(1 g韭菜/100 mL水)的平板上生长5 d后,苹果轮纹病菌斑直径分别为对照的43.25%和4.62%;在提取液浓度为1:20(1 g韭菜/20 mL水)的平板上,苹果轮纹病菌的生长被100%抑制。韭菜提取液对菌丝形态有明显的破坏作用。韭菜提取液对苹果轮纹病的发生也存在显著的抑制作用,1:100的韭菜提取液处理的枝条和果实上病斑直径分别为相应对照菌斑直径的46.25%和42.35%;而浓度为1:20韭菜提取液处理则100%抑制了苹果轮纹病的发生。韭菜所含的4种主要活性成分中,二甲基三硫和甲基烯丙基三硫醚对苹果轮纹病菌生长具有最强的抑制效果,在浓度达1:4000(v/v)时即可100%抑制菌丝生长。以上结果表明韭菜提取液及其主要成分对苹果轮纹病菌丝生长具有显著的抑制作用,对由该病原菌引起的苹果轮纹病的发生具有显著的防控效果,为苹果轮纹病的防控提供新的思路。

In this paper, the effect of Chinese leek extracts on the mycelial growth and mycelial morphology of Botryosphaeria berengeriana was studied. Using apple shoots and apple fruits as experiment materials, the suppressive effects of Chinese leek extracts on the incidence of apple ring rot was conducted. The inhibitive effect of four main active components isolated from Chinese leek on the growth of B. berengeriana was further tested. The results showed that in vitro condition, Chinese leek extracts possessed a significant suppressive effect on the growth of B. berengeriana mycelium. Five days later, the diameter of the fungi colony inoculated on the plates containing 1：250 （1 g Chinese leek/250 mL） and 1：100 （1 g Chinese leek/100 mL） of Chinese leek extracts was 43.25% and 4.62% of the diameter of the untreated control colony, respectively. The growth of B. berengeriana was 100% inhibited on the plate containing 1：20 （1 g Chinese leek/20 mL）of Chinese leek extracts. The mycelial morphology was obviously damaged by Chinese leek extracts. The results also showed the incidence of apple ring rot was significantly suppressed by Chinese leek extracts. The disease spot diameter of shoots and fruits treated by 1：100 of Chinese leek extracts was 46.25% and 42.35% of the diameter of the untreated control shoots and fruits, respectively. The incidence of apple ring rot was 100% suppressed on the shoots and fruits treated by 1：20 of Chinese leek extracts. Among the four main active components, dimethyl trisulfide and methyl allyl trisulfide showed significantly suppressive effect on the growth B. berengeriana. The mycelium growth of the fungi was 100% suppressed by a concentration of 1：4000 （v/v）. The findings of the study suggested that Chinese leek exact and the main active components possessed significant suppressive effected on the growth of B. berengeriana, and on the incidence of the apple ring rot caused by the fungi, which provided a new idea and pathway to prevent the disease.