日光温室果蔬地大型土壤动物多样性及群落结构

Large Soil Animal Diversity and Community Structure in Daylight Greenhouse Fruit and Vegetable Field

研究延安市郊(县)果蔬地大型土壤动物多样性及群落结构,以指导果蔬地害虫及虫害的立体防治。通过手拣法对大型土壤动物进行标本采集,从土壤动物的多样性指数、均匀性指数、优势度指数以及丰富度指数方面对其进行多样性和群落结构的研究。通过调查研究共获得大型土壤动物标本280个,隶属于3门7纲14目。其中,正蚓目和膜翅目为其群落的优势类群,占其群落个体总数的53.93%,其他12个类群则均为常见类群。对不同种植类型果蔬地Shannon-Wiener多样性指数(H′)进行分析,结果表明:2号样地的多样性指数最高,5号样地的多样性指数最低。而优势度指数(C)最高的为6号样地,最低的为2号样地。对垂直分布的分析结果表明,果蔬地大型土壤动物具有明显的表聚性,即0~5cm>5~10cm>10~15cm>15~20cm。研究表明不同种植类型果蔬地大型土壤动物多样性及群落结构均有不同,这反应了果蔬地大型土壤动物对不同土地利用方式的适应性有所不同。

Research on the large soil animal diversity and community structure in greenhouse fruit and veg- etable field of Yan＇an suburb to guide the prevention and cure of fruit and vegetable field pest and insect pest.Conduct the sample collection of large soil animal by the mean of hand picking method,research on the diversity and community structure from the diversity index, uniformity index,dominance degree index and richness index of soil animal.280 large soil animal samples are obtained through investigation and research, they are attached to 3 phylums,7 classes and 14 orders.Among them, the lumbricida and hymenoptera are the dominant groups in their communities and they are 53.930/oo of total individuals in their communities, other 12 orders are the common groups. The analysis results of Shannon-Wiener diversity index （H~） of fruit and vegetable field with different plantation types show that No.2 sample field has highest diversity index,No.5 sample field has lowest diversity index,No.6 sample field has highest dominance degree index and No.2 sample field has lowest dominance degree index.The results of vertical distribution analysis show that the large soil animal in the fruit and vegetable field has obvious properties of surface-aggregation which is 0-5 cm〉5-10 cm〉10-15 cm〉15-20 cm. Results show that the large soil animal diversity and community structure of fruit and vegetable field with different plantation types are different, it indi- cates that the adaptabilities of large soil animal diversity in the fruit and vegetable field on the different land utilization types are different.