老子的军事辩证法思想探析

Probing into the Military Dialectical Thoughts of Lao-Tzu

老子哲学里充满了丰富的辩证法思想,其核心思想体现在"道"。老子以"道"观战,分析了战争行为本身的种种破坏性,提出了"不以兵强天下"的军事战争观,指出战争是"去根""有为"和"强力"的无道行为。老子在以"道"观战、批判战争的同时还主张"道之弱用",提出"以弱胜强"的军事战略观,充分体现了老子辩证法思想在军事战略上的运用。老子主张"以奇用兵"和"政治用慈"的军事战术观,其中所蕴含的"取与""虚实""先后"都是辩证法思想在不同层面的阐发和运用。尽管老子没有对军事辩证法思想作深入而具体的阐述,但他根据当时战争发生的实际情况,总结出了独特的用兵之道,触及到了军事斗争中的内在规律,丰富了中国古代军事思想的内涵,促进了军事理论体系的发展,对后世军事理论的建构和军事实践活动的开展具有深远的指导意义。

Lao-Tzu＇s philosophy is full of rich dialectics and its core idea is the ＂Tao＂. Judging a war by the ＂Tao＂, Lao-Tzu analyzes various of destructiveness in the wars, putting forward the view of ＂ not using the military power to control the world＂ in the military warfare, and points out that the war violates the Tao as the ＂lack-of-root＂, ＂deliberate-to-do＂ and ＂strong-power＂ behavior. In the mean- time, Lao-Tzu claims ＂the weak roles of the Tao＂ and advocates the point of ＂defeating the strong by the weak＂ in the military strategy which fully embody the though of Lao-Tzu＇s dialectics. Lao-Tzu also asserts ＂the fight with wisdom＂ and the policy with ＂kindness＂ in the military method, which con- tain the use and statement of the ＂fetch and bestowal＂, ＂deficiency and excess＂ and ＂before and after＂ are different levels in the though of dialectics, so as to achieve the final victory of war. Although Lao -Tzu doesn＇t make in-depth and specific exposition on the military dialectics, but according to the actual situation of war at that time, he summarizes the unique way of using military forces. It touches on the intrinsic rule of the military struggle, enriches the connotation of Chinese ancient military thoughts, promotes the development of military theoretical system, exerting profound enlightenment significance on the construction of military theory and military practice.