集体噪声信道中基于逻辑Bell态可控的量子对话协议

Controlled quantum dialogue based on logical Bell states over collective-noise channel

利用逻辑Bell态提出两个分别抵抗集体退相位噪声和集体旋转噪声的可控的鲁棒量子对话协议。协议的量子资源是利用DF(Decoherence free)态构造的逻辑Bell态,在第3方的控制下,通信双方仅需单光子测量,可获得秘密消息,控制方却不能获得任何秘密消息。所提出协议最大优点是第3方可控,无信息泄露问题。控制方需进行Bell基测量,但通信方仅需单光子测量,通信双方的编译码仅用异或操作完成,简单易行。对协议进行安全性分析证明了协议的有效性。

Two controlled quantum dialogue protocols are proposed based on logical bell states against the col- lective-dephasing noise and the collective-rotation noise, respectively. The two QD protocols are constructed from DF states which consist of two logical qubits, under the control of the third party, the two communicating parties simply perform single photon state measurements to obtain the secret message, the controller is unable to obtain any secret messages. Compared with other QD protocols, the advantages of this protocol are that the third party controlled, free from information leakage, the controller performs two Bell state measurements and the two communicating simply perform single photon state measurements, with XOR operation used for enco- ding. Furthermore, our protocols all should be able to resist various attacks, such as disturbance, Trojan horse, intercept-resend and entanglement measure attack. The validity of the protocol is proved by the security analysis of the protocol.