生育公平、人口质量与中国全面鼓励二孩政策

Reproductive Justice,Population Quality and Policy of Encouraging Every Family to Have the Second Child in China

中国的计划生育政策并不是绝对的"一对夫妇只生育一个孩子"的"一孩政策",而是表现出明显的多样性和差异性。当前的全面二孩政策既解决了"一孩政策"约束下的生育不公平,又避免了"多孩政策"带来的人口质量问题,是中国计划生育政策改革的一大进步。但是,在中国总和生育率长期低于更替水平,甚至即将掉入"低生育率陷阱"的背景下,根据发达国家的经验,结合国内六个地区的二孩政策生育实践,中国计划生育政策改革的当务之急,不应仅停留在全面放开二孩,也不应全面放开生育,而是要全面鼓励二孩,即对生育一个孩子的家庭不惩罚,对生育两个孩子的家庭进行奖励。这样的生育政策既符合中国计划生育政策"渐进调试,稳中求变"的发展路径,也有利于促进生育公平和人口质量提升。

China＇ s family planning is not the policy many people mistakenly thought that ＂one couple have only one child＂. It shows significant diversity and difference. The current ＂two-child policy＂ has not only solved the unfair caused by the ＂one child policy＂, but also avoid the problem of the population quality brought by ＂many-child policy＂. It＇ s a big step forward in improving China＇ s family planning policy. However, Chinese total fertility rate has bellowed the replacement level for a long time. It＇ s about to fall into the ＂low fertility trap＂. In this context, we combined with the six regions of the two-child policy fertility practice and the basic practices and experiences of developed countries. We think that the urgent reform of China＇ s family planning policy can＇ t just stay in the full liberalization of two children andopen up family planning. We need encourage people to have two children. That means no punishments for one child families and much reward for the two children family. Such a policy on birth control, it is not Only conforms to the development path of ＂progressive commissioning, amidst stability＂, but also benefit the equitable growth promotion and population quality improvement.