小熊猫日粮表观消化率的初步研究

A Study of Apparent Digestibility of Diet by Ailurus fulgens

2015年5月~6月,对成都动物园的6只圈养小熊猫(其中3只为野外救护小熊猫)进行日粮表观消化率的研究。预试验7 d,正式试验7 d,分析成都动物园圈养小熊猫对日粮营养成分的表观消化率及不同人工圈养年限之间小熊猫对日粮营养成分表观消化率的差异。结果表明,本试验小熊猫对日粮营养成分中的干物质、粗脂肪、粗蛋白、粗灰分、粗纤维的表观消化率分别为61.16%、82.28%、76.6%、15.91%、13.39%,其中粗灰分和粗纤维的表观消化率相对较低。试验组中,圈养2 a^3 a的野外救护小熊猫在干物质、粗蛋白、粗脂肪、粗纤维和粗灰分的消化率都明显高于其它组;圈养1 a以下的野外救护小熊猫,在粗脂肪、粗纤维的消化率却明显低于它两组,日均采食量也明显低于其他两组;圈养5 a以上的小熊猫,对各营养物质的消化率处于居中的状态。同时,拥有较大运动场的试验组小熊猫各营养物质的表观消化率明显高于无运动场的试验组。本试验结果可知,成都动物园小熊猫的日粮搭配基本满足了小熊猫维持生命活动的所需能量,但日粮中竹叶和竹笋应搭配饲养;圈养小熊猫应配备足够大的运动场;小熊猫从野外到人工圈养在日粮配比上应有一个过渡期,在过渡期中应增加竹叶、苹果的供应量。

From May to June 2015, digestibility trials were conducted on 6 red pandas （3 of which were rescued in the wild） in Chengdu Zoo. The trial consisted of 7 days pre-experiment and 7 days of normal experiments, aiming to analyze the digestibility of red pandas of different years of captivity, and quantify the influence of different years of captivity on digestion. The result showed that the apparent digestibility percentages of dry matter, fat, crude protein, crude ash and corase fiber for red pandas of this trail were 61.16% ,82.28% ,76. 6% ,15.91% and 13.39% ,red pandas had relatively lower digestibility of crude ash and corase fiber. The wild rescued pandas with 2 to 3 years of captivity had apparently higher digesti- bility of dry matter,crude protein, fat, corase fiber and crude ash, while the red pandas under 1 year of captivity had relatively lower digestibility of fat and corase fiber, and their daily food consumption was lower than other 2 groups in this trial as well. The red pandas with larger playground had higher digestibility of each nutritive matter than those without playground. Over a series of experiments, the result showed that the daily ration could meet the energy that was needed to maintain life activities of red pandas in Chengdu Zoo, but the bamboo leaves and bamboo shoots in the daily ration should be balanced, the captive red pandas should be equipped with large enough sports field, and there should be a transition period on daily ration for red pandas from wild to captivity, more bamboo leaves and apples should be added during this period.