论《晏子春秋》晏婴谏言中的“季世思想”

On the Eschatological Thought from Yan Ying's Proposal in Yan Zi Chun Qiu

《晏子春秋》是以春秋时期晏婴的言行为主要记录对象的史料汇编,具有一定的纪实性。其中的晏婴谏言始终贯穿着晏婴独特的个体思想与个人风格,带有浓厚的"季世思想"。具体来说,主要包括两个层面的内涵:一方面,在君臣关系的定位上,晏婴抱定"离君以自保"的心态,秉持明哲保身的中庸之道,认为明智的臣子应该进善言于君王,但绝不必与君主同陷覆灭之难;另一方面,晏婴对早已病入膏肓的季世齐国充满了悲观的心理预期和浓厚的社稷无法永固的哀叹与绝望,即"社稷无常奉"的感怀。这主要根源于他性格中的病弱性、圆滑性和利己性,以及他对现实的失望无奈和实用理性主义的共同推动,既体现出晏婴作为政治家敏感而理性的政治洞察力,又表现出他在行动决断能力和勇气上的缺失。

＂Yah Zi Chun Qiu＂ （ Yanzi＇ s Spring and Autumn Annals）, a historical collection mainly about the recorded documents of Yan Ying＇s words and deeds in the Spring and Autumn period, is therefore of a certain actuality. Yah Ying＇s proposals in ＂ Yah Zi Chun Qiu＂ demonstrate his unique thought and personal style, with a strong sense of ＂ eschatological thought＂ The connotation of ＂eschatological thought＂ in Yah Ying＇s proposals mainly includes two aspects. One the one hand, he believes that one should stay away from the monarch for one＇s own safety, to practice the philosophy of taking a middle course to be worldly-wise and play safe. To him, a wise servant should contribute helpful proposals to the monarch but never undergo destruction with him. On the other, the ＂eschatological thought＂ reflects Yah Ying＇s belief in the impermanence in Sajik. Out of the lament and despair for the seriously ill eschatological Qi, he had full pessimistic psychological expectations and strong sense that the state was beyond remedy. The quality of feebleness, worldliness and selfishness in his character, and his disappointment over the reality and practical rationalism, resulted paradoxically in Yan Ying as politician with a sensitive and rational political insight, and the one lacking in decision-making power and courage.