复合材料舵水动力载荷等效施加方法及试验研究

Experiment and method research on hydrodynamic load equivalence and application of composite rudder

针对复合材料舵水动力载荷的等效施加方法及可行性进行了理论和试验研究。以复合材料双支承舵、悬挂舵为研究对象,以舵叶载荷特性及变形特征为依据,提出了两型舵叶的水动力载荷试验等效施加方法,即双支承舵采用单面多块、悬挂舵采用单面单块加载;并通过有限元仿真分析,分别对两型舵叶在等效载荷与实际载荷作用下的位移、应力分布规律进行对比,验证了载荷等效方法的合理性;进而,制作复合材料悬挂舵模型,并开展了等效载荷下舵叶静强度、刚度特性试验研究,对等效载荷施加方法的可行性进行了验证。

A theoretical method for hydrodynamic load equivalence is developed and the feasibility is verified by model experiment. Based on load and deformation characteristics, the hydrodynamic load equivalent method for two types of composite rudder is proposed： single-side/multi-block loading for double bearing rudder and single-side/single-block loading for spade rudder. In order to verify the rationality of load equivalence method, the displacement and stress distribution under equivalent and actual load are compared respectively for two types of rudder via finite element simulation. Furthermore, a composite spade rudder model was built and the static strength and stiffness characteristics were tested. The results show that the equivalent load method proposed by the paper is feasible and instructive for the industrial application.