中美贸易不对称状况研究及相关政策建议——基于马克思国际价值理论的分析

Inequality in Sino-US Trade and Relevant Policy Recommendations——Based on Marx's International Value Theory

特朗普领导下的新一届美国政府在今后一段时间内采取综合性财税、贸易政策对我国施压的可能性很大,中方需要及早谋划、妥为应对。本文运用马克思国际价值理论对中美贸易失衡的本质进行分析,从贸易差额、外贸依存度、贸易摩擦以及进出口商品结构四个方面描述了中美贸易现状,从价值形成能力差距、竞争不充分、资本构成与工资水平、制度性特权等方面剖析了中美贸易不对称状况产生的原因,并提出了相应的政策措施建议。

Under the leadership of Donald Trump, there are great possibilities for the new U. S. adminis-tration to put pressure on China with comprehensive fiscal and trade policies. Since it is likely to last for some time, we should be well prepared for that. This paper analyzes the nature of trade imbalance between China and the U. S. by using Marx＇s international value theory, and describes the current situation of Sino-US trade from four aspects： trade balance, foreign trade dependence, trade friction, and import and export commodity structure. On this basis, we analyze the reason for the inequality between China and the U. S. from disparity in productivi-ty, lack of competition, capital structure and wage level, institutional privilege and other aspects. In the end, we propose somerelevant policy recommendations.