江苏省不同地区设施菜地土壤-蔬菜中邻苯二甲酸酯分布特征

Distribution Characteristics of Phthalic Acid Esters in Soil and Vegetables Under Greenhouse in Different Areas of Jiangsu Province,China

在江苏省设施菜地共采集50个表层土壤样品和50个蔬菜样品,采用加速溶剂萃取-气质联用仪技术,对土壤-蔬菜中邻苯二甲酸酯(PAEs)含量进行分析,并对其污染分布和污染程度进行评价。结果显示:江苏省设施菜地土壤样品中6种w(PAEs)范围为42.46~276.76μg·kg^(-1),平均值为116.7μg·kg^(-1),检出率为100%,以邻苯二甲酸二正丁酯(DBP)和邻苯二甲酸(2-乙基己基)酯(DEHP)为主,分别占w(PAEs)的64.49%和23.92%;4个产区土壤中w(PAEs)平均值从大到小依次为苏州、淮安、盐城和宿迁,与美国土壤6种优控的PAEs控制标准相比,w(DBP)超过控制标准,超标率为24%。蔬菜样品中w(PAEs)范围为38.31~241.87μg·kg^(-1),平均含量为104.25μg·kg^(-1),检出率为100%,以DEHP和邻苯二甲酸二正辛酯(Dn OP)为主,分别占w(PAEs)的25.34%和24.59%,不同产区蔬菜中w(PAEs)平均值从大到小依次为苏州、盐城、淮安和宿迁,蔬菜中PAEs含量及各组分含量均低于美国和欧洲的建议摄入标准。土壤-蔬菜中w(PAEs)、w(DBP)和w(DEHP)存在显著正相关,不同蔬菜对土壤中6种PAEs化合物的富集能力存在明显差异,对PAEs的富集系数约为1。因此,在设施菜地土壤质量评价过程中,应重视蔬菜自身特性对PAEs吸收和富集的影响。

Used widely as plasticizers in facilitated farming,phthalic acid esters（ PAEs） have become primary risk pollutants. 50 top soil samples and 50 vegetable samples were collected from vegetable greenhouses in different areas of Jiangsu Province,for analysis of content of PAEs with GC-MS,to investigate and assess pollution level and distribution characterstics of PAEs in the soils and vegetables. PAEs were detected in all the soil samples（ 100%）,ranging from 42. 46-276. 76 μg·kg^（-1）and averaging 116. 7 μg·kg^（-1）in content of the total. DBP and DEHP were the dominant PAEs in the soils,accounting for 64. 49% and 23. 92% of the total; In terms of average PAEs in the soil,the four major vegetable producing areas of Jiangsu displayed a decreasing order of Suzhou Huai＇an Yancheng Suqian. DBP contents in the 24%of the soil samples exceeded the US EPA criteria for the six priority controlled PAEs. PAEs were detected in all the vegetable samples（ 100%）,too,with the content of total PAEs varying in the range from 38. 31-241. 87 μg·kg^（-1）and averaging 104. 25 μg·kg^（-1）. DEHP and Dn OP were the dominant pollutants in the vegetable samples,accounting for 25.34%and 24.59%; In terms of average PAEs in vegetable,the four areas followed a decreasing order of Suzhou Yancheng Huai＇an Suqian. However,the contents of PAEs in all the vegetable samples were lower than the recommended criteria for intake in the USA and Europe. In the soil-vegetable system,concentrations of PAEs,DBP and DEHP were found significantly related. And the vegetables studied varied sharply in capacity of enriching the six PAEs compounds,but their enrichment coefficients all approached 1. Therefore,in evaluating soil quality of facilitated vegetable fields,it is essential to pay adequate attention to effects of the properties of the vegetables per se on PAEs absorption and accumulation.