畜禽粪便资源现状及替代化肥潜力研究:以安徽省固镇县为例

Nutrient Resources in Livestock Manure and Its Potential of Substituting Fertilizers: A Case Study of Guzhen County,Anhui Province

基于养殖业和种植业发展现状,综合考虑农作物种植面积、种植结构以及畜禽粪便处理技术等因素,估算固镇县分乡镇的固液粪便养分资源现状及其替代化肥的潜力。结果表明:(1)固镇县畜禽粪便中氮和磷养分量分别为11 456.93和2 954.09 t;在不施用化肥和不进行秸秆还田的情景下,各乡镇畜禽粪便的氮、磷供给量均未超过作物氮、磷养分需求量。(2)情景模拟表明,情景C(固体粪便收集后尽快经堆肥加工为有机肥,液体粪便收集生成沼气后其废物本地还田利用)为最佳模式,氮和磷的有效供给量分别为8 948.78和2 642.37 t,分别占作物氮、磷需求量的34%和54%,表明固镇县有足够的农用地消纳畜禽粪便,亟需改进畜禽粪便处理工艺,提高粪肥替代化肥潜力。(3)在情景C下,畜禽粪便中氮、磷养分替代化肥潜力为4 715.04和1 247.07 t,仲兴乡、任桥镇、刘集镇和杨庙乡替代化肥潜力最大。研究结果可为固镇畜禽养殖业发展规模的确定和畜禽粪便资源化利用提供决策支持。

Based on the status of the development of the crop farming and livestock rearing of Guzhen County,Anhui Province and comprehensive consideration of factors like planting structure,planting area and technology of livestock manure disposal,status of nutrient resources in livestock manure and their potential of substituting chemical fertilizer in the region was assessed. Results show that the manure excreted by the livestock in the county contained a total of 11 456. 93 t of N and 2 954. 09 t of P,far from adequate to meet the demand of the crops in the region for N and P in the case of no fertilizers applied and no crop straw incorporated. Scenario simulation shows that Scenario C where solid manure is collected and composted into organic manure as soon as possible,and liquid waste is pooled into biogas digesters and turned into biogas slurry for application into the crop fields,is the best model,providing 8 948. 78 and 2 642. 37 t of available N and P,which may meet the demand of the crops by 34% and 54%,respectively. The findings indicate that Guzhen has enough agricultural land to digest the livestock manure it produces,but it is essential to improve its manure treatment technology so as to increase the potential of livestock manure substituting chemical fertilizer. In Scenario C,the livestock manure may substitute 4 715. 04 t of N fertilizer and 1 247. 07 t of P fertilizer. Zhongxing,Renqiao,Liuji and Yangmiao townships are the highest in potential. All the findings may provide the decision-makers with theoretical support to make plans for developing scale of livestock raising and utilizing livestock manure.