配施解磷菌肥对采煤塌陷区复垦土壤磷有效性的影响

Effect of Amendment of Biomanure of Phosphate-Solubilizing Bacteria on Soil Phosphorus Availability in Reclaimed Farmland in Coal Mining Subsidence Area

选取采煤塌陷区复垦5 a的土壤为对象,采用田间小区试验方法,研究解磷菌肥对复垦土壤无机磷形态及磷吸附-解吸特性的影响。结果表明,配施解磷菌肥可以提高复垦土壤有效磷含量,提高土壤Ca_2-P、Ca_8-P和闭蓄态磷(O-P)含量,降低Al-P、Fe-P和Ca_(10)-P含量。Ca_2-P含量、Ca_8-P含量与有效磷含量之间存在极显著正相关关系(P<0.01),相关系数分别为0.997和0.926,对提高有效磷含量的贡献较大。有机肥+化肥+解磷菌肥(MCFB)处理可显著降低土壤对磷的吸附常数(K)和土壤最大缓冲容量(MBC)。与不施解磷菌肥处理相比,施用解磷菌肥处理对土壤最大吸附量(Xm)的影响较小。解磷菌肥可以提高复垦土壤磷的最大解吸量和解吸率,提高土壤磷素有效性。配施解磷菌肥对土壤有机质含量有一定影响,MCFB处理可以显著提高玉米产量,比有机肥+化肥处理提高3.82%。

A field experiment was carried out in a tract of farmland that had been reclaimed for 5 years in a coal mining subsidence area to study effects of amendment of biomanure of phosphorus-solubilizing bacteria on forms and adsorption and desorption of soil inorganic phosphorus in reclaimed farmland. Results show that amendment of the biomanure could raise the content of soil available phosphorus and the contents of soil Ca2-P,Ca8-P and occluded phosphorus（ O-P）,but lower the contents of Al-P,Fe-P and Ca（10）-P. The contents of Ca2-P and Ca8-P were significantly and positively related to the content of available phosphorus with correlation coefficient being 0. 997 and 0. 926,respectively,and contributed the most to the content of soil available phosphorus. The treatment of manure＋chemical fertilizer ＋ biomanure（ MCFB） significantly reduced the constant（ K） of P adsorption by soil and soil maximum buffer capacity（ MBC）. Compared to the treatment without amendment of biomanure,it had less impact on maximum P desorption. Amendment of the biomanure may increase maximum P desorption capacity（ Xm） of the soil and P desorption rate in the reclaimed soil,thus improving soil phosphorus availability. Besides,amendment of the biomanure may also raise soil organic matter content to a certain extent. Treatment MCFB in the field experiment can increase maize yield significantly or by 3. 82% as compared with the treatment without amendment of biomanure.