文化赞助制度的前工业源泉——从前工业社会艺术供养模式看文化赞助制度与文化生产变迁

Pre-industrial Origin of Cultural Sponsorship System—Analyzing Evolution of Cultural Sponsorship System and Cultural Production from the Perspective of Art Support Pattern in Pre-industrial Society

本文论述前工业社会的文化生产及其赞助人情况,研究随着社会形态变迁,文化如何与资本日益结合。由于资本的流动与社会阶层的重组,文化生产逐渐摆脱依附性的模式,艺术家获得独立自由的生产空间,市场的广阔加之赞助人的多元化使得创作主体的个性化日益凸显;而民众的文化需求和文化消费的增加刺激了文化艺术品的生产;艺术赞助人和赞助方式也发展得灵活多样,为文化艺术生产的繁荣以及精英文化和大众文化的汇合提供了有利的经济条件和社会背景。

This paper studies cultural production and its sponsors in pre-industrial society, discus-sing how culture is integrated with capital with changes in social patterns. Owing to capital flows and re-organization of social classes, cultural production gradually breaks away from dependent patterns while artists get independent and free space of creation. A vast market and diverse sponsors make creation subjects more and more unique; people,s cultural demands and increasing cultural con-sumption stimulate the production of cultural and artistic works; artistic sponsors and their ways of sponsorship also develop in a flexible and varied way, providing favorable economic conditions and social background for the prosperity of cultural and artistic production as well as the fusion of elite and mass culture.