艺术挪用的前世今生及其所面临的法律困境与出路

On Appropriation of Art from Past and Present and Its Legal Dilemma and Solutions

从广义上说,艺术挪用是一种传统教学方法和创作手法,与挪用相关的临摹、模仿、借用等一直被鼓励和赞誉,甚至被传为美谈。随着现代主义的兴起,艺术市场的繁荣,法制建设的进步和维权意识的增强,一方面,艺术挪用遇到了侵权、道德伦理等新情况,法律纠纷不断;另一方面,挪用艺术大行其道,深受欢迎,一些挪用艺术甚至成为艺术经典。可见,在对待挪用艺术这个问题上,现代社会仍然有分歧,要么站在艺术界的角度,要么站在法律界的角度,从而使得挪用艺术面临困境,很难形成统一的认识并从根本上解决问题。为了促进挪用艺术的发展,必须进一步界定原创性,根据挪用艺术的不同情形做出具体的规定,一方面,预防抄袭、剽窃等侵犯知识产权的违法事件;另一方面,鼓励和保护真正的艺术创新。艺术作品具有与一般著作不同的属性和特点。从长远看,有必要制定一部符合艺术创作规律的《艺术法》,并培养跨学科人才。

Generally speaking, appropriation of art is one kind of traditional teaching methods and approaches, while copy, imitation and borrow which are related to appropriation have been encour-aged, praised and even passed on with approbation. However, with the rise of modernism, prosperi-ty of the art market, progress of the construction of legal system and enhancement of the conscious-ness ,on the one hand, appropriation of art has encountered a new situation such as infringement,ethics and so on, as a result of which legal disputes constantly emerge. On the other hand, the ap-propriation of art is still popular, with some even becoming classic. Thus it can be seen that in the treatment of appropriated art there are still differences, no matter from the perspective of the art world or legislation in modem society. It is hard to form a unified recognition and fundamentally solve the problem. In order to promote the development of appropriated art, we must further define the originality of art, and make specific provisions according to different situations. On the one hand, we should prevent coping plagiarism, and other infringement of intellectual property rights; on the other hand, we should encourage and protect artistic innovation. Compared with general works,artistic works have different attributes and characteristics. In the long run, it is necessary to formu-late an art law in accordance with art creation rules and cultivate interdisciplinary talents.