加拿大法官惩戒程序的结构、运行及对我国的启示

The Structure,Operation and Enlightenment of Canadian Judicial Discipline Process

加拿大联邦法官惩戒程序与加拿大各省法官惩戒程序是各自独立的。加拿大联邦法官惩戒程序受《1867年宪法法案》《法官法》及加拿大司法理事会制定的程序规则规制。加拿大联邦法官惩戒制度具有复杂的程序,司法理事会收到投诉后要经过执行主任初步筛选、司法行为委员会主席筛选、司法行为审查小组筛选、调查委员会公开调查和司法理事会审议五个程序,之后才有可能建议司法部长提交议会决定免除法官职务。2016年10月,加拿大司法理事会发布了一份关于改革司法惩戒程序的立场文件,所倾向的改革措施包括:在罢免之外增加其他的制裁和补救措施;引入律师承担类似公诉的职能推进惩戒程序的进行;在司法理事会内设立上诉庭;取消目前由"理事会全体"进行的审查等。

The Canadian federal judicial discipline process is independent of the Canadian pro-vincial judicial discipline process. The Canadian federal judicial discipline process is governed by the Constitutional Act, 1867, the Judges Act and the rules of procedure adopted by the Canadian Ju-dicial Council. The Canadian federal judicial discipline process is complex, including early screen-ing process of the Executive Director, the screening process by the Chairperson of the Judicial Con-duct Committee, the screening process by the Judicial Conduct Review Panel, the inquiry or investi-gation by Inquiry Committee and the consideration by Judicial Council. After the five procedures a-bove, the Council may recommend to Parliament through the Minister of Justice that the judge be re-moved from of ce. In October 2016, the Canadian Judicial Council issued a position paper on the reform of the judicial disciplinary process, which included the addition of a range of sanctions or re-medial measures outside the removal, introducing lawyers to undertake similar prosecution functions to promote discipline procedures, the establishment of an Appeal Tribunal of Council, and the abolition of the current review by the ＂Council as a whole＂.