养分供应量对玫瑰香葡萄矿质元素和水分吸收的影响

Absorption of Mineral Elements and Water in Muscat Hamburg Grape with Different Nutrient Supply

为了研究葡萄各生长发育阶段的肥水需求规律,该试验以4年生‘玫瑰香’葡萄为材料,设置改良Hoagland营养液0.5倍、1.0倍、1.5倍3个浓度处理,探讨不同养分供应量对‘玫瑰香’葡萄矿质元素和水分吸收规律的影响。结果表明:(1)‘玫瑰香’葡萄对矿质元素的吸收量随着新梢的生长而快速增加,且均呈先升后降的趋势,各元素吸收量的最大值均出现在果实膨大期至转色期,整个生长期Ca是葡萄吸收量最大的元素,分别约为P、Mg、K和N的1.38倍、4.55倍、1.24倍和1.13倍,其次是N和K,Mg和P的吸收量较小,N、P、K、Ca、Mg的吸收比例为1.1∶0.9∶1∶1.25∶0.26,而微量元素以Fe和B的吸收量较大。(2)各元素吸收量随处理浓度的增加而提高,表现为0.5倍浓度<1.0倍浓度<1.5倍浓度,且1.0倍浓度处理的果实品质最佳。(3)在适宜营养液浓度下(1.0倍浓度处理),单株葡萄对各种元素的年吸收量分别为N 44.294g、P 34.58g、K 37.743g、Ca 47.728g、Mg 10.801g、Fe 210mg、Mn 46.11mg、B 79.13mg、Zn 23.56mg、Cu 17.104mg和水631.5L。研究认为,生产中‘玫瑰香’葡萄在营养生长期以施氮肥、钙肥为主,配合施用适量镁肥,而在生殖生长期宜增施钾肥,并适量补充施用微量元素,从而达到提高水肥利用率和果实品质的目的。

In order to study vine trees absorption and utilization of nutrition at different growing stages,we used 4-year-old Muscat Hamburg as material set 1.5times,1.0times and 0.5times as compared concentrations Hoagland nutrient solution and studied the effects of different nutrient supply on mineral elements and water absorption in Muscat Hamburg.The results showed that：（1）the absorption of mineral elements increased with the growth of shoots and rise in the first stage and then decrease;the maximum absorption amount appeared in the period from the expansion to maturity of berry.In whole growing stage,the absorbing amount of Ca is the biggest and about 1.38 times of P,4.55 times of Mg,1.24 times of K,1.13 times of N.N and K follow by while Mg and P with the least amount,the absorption ratio of N∶P∶K∶Ca∶Mg is 1.1∶0.9∶1∶1.25∶0.26.The absorbing amount of Fe and B are the biggest in micro-elements.（2）The absorption of every element shows：0.5times〈1.0times〈1.5times and the growth of shoots and the quality of fruit is best under 1.0times.（3）The annual elements absorption of single grapevine under 1.0times are：N 44.294 g,P 3.456 g,K 37.743 g,Ca 47.728 g,Mg 10.801 g,Fe 210 mg,Mn46.11 mg,B 79.13 mg,Zn 23.56 mg,Cu 17.104 mg and water 631.5L.Determine the application amount of mineral elements according to the mineral elements absorption in different stages,during vegetative growth stage,to mainly apply N and Ca fertilizers,accompanying with Mg fertilizers;in reproductive period,to add K fertilizers as well as appropriate amount of trace elements to the nutrient solution.