论视听作品的利益分配——以作者的公平获酬权为视角

Interest Distribution of Audiovisual Works:From the Perspective of Fair Remuneration Rights of Authors

作品利益的公平分配,是著作权法所关注的重要问题。特别是在视听作品增值利益产生之后,作者公平获酬权的缺失会导致利益分配矛盾的激化。大陆法系国家对作者利益的偏袒,以及英美法系国家对投资者利益的过度保护,都没能很好地解决这一问题。针对视听作品的利益分配,应当以按要素分配理论为基础,将视听作品利益的构成要素进行细分,衡量各主体的要素贡献,并以各要素的贡献作为利益分配的主要依据。其中,作者的创造要素是作品得以产生的根源,因而需要在著作权法中明确规定:唯有创造要素投入的主体才能成为作者。同时,应当赋予作者公平的获酬权,包括二次获酬的权利。只有依照按要素分配理论,进一步完善著作权法中的公平获酬制度,才能切实保障视听作品的利益分配公平。

The fair distribution of works interest is an important issue in the realm of copyright law.This is especially true when the value is added to the audiovisual works,and that authors of these works,once losing the right of compensation,will often lead to disputes regarding interest distribution.Neither the favorable treatment of the authors interests in continental legal systems nor the excessive protection to the investors by the AngloAmerican legal system can effectively deal with this issue.The interest distribution of audiovisual works should be based on the theory of element distribution,which requires detailed classification of the elements of interests distribution component of the audiovisual works while taking contribution into consideration.This centralizes on the contribution of the elements as the main ground of interest distribution.In this process,the creation elements are the sources of works by the authors,which should be stipulated in the copyright law together with the right to second remuneration.Only by introducing interest distribution theory and perfecting the fair remuneration mechanism in copyright law can ensure the fair interest distribution of audiovisual works.