美国海洋公共外交的兴起及其对南海问题的影响

The Rise of U.S.Public Diplomacy on Maritime Affairs and Its Impacts on the South China Sea Issue

当前,海洋公共外交正在成为美国介入南海争端、动员国际盟友和遏制中国海上行动的战略工具。从宏观上看,综合国力的相对下降是美国在海洋领域高度重视低成本公共外交工具的根本原因,全球传播能力的提升和海洋思想资源的生产则为美国海洋公共外交的迅速发展提供了坚实的基础。美国海洋公共外交的基本目标是管控国际舆论,在实现这一目标的过程中,美国官方一改常态,更加频繁地直接介入到公共外交前台,同时,既高度重视与其他国家在海洋公共外交领域的协同行动,又非常注重国家硬实力与公共外交工具的配合使用。在短短几年里,美国海洋公共外交已经产生了全球性效应,不仅放大了美国在台前幕后干预南海局势走向的政策能力,而且给中国带来了巨大的外部压力,进一步提升了南海局势的紧张程度。面对这一新情况,中国亟须通过解放思想、理顺体制、整合资源等方式,发展有中国特色的海洋公共外交理论,对美国的海洋公共外交攻势进行有效应对,从而进一步维护自身海洋权益。

Public diplomacy on maritime affairs is increasingly functioning as a strategic tool of the U.S. to intervene in the South China Sea issue,to mobilize international allies and to impose restriction on China＇ s maritime actions. Fundamentally,the relative weakening of comprehensive national strength makes the U.S. focus on the public diplomacy as a low-cost tool. Generally speaking,growing capacity of the U.S. to con-duct global communication and accumulation of academic resources concerning the development of sea lay a solid foundation for the rapid development of its public diplomacy on maritime affairs,whose basic aim is to manipulate international opinion. To realize it,the U.S. public sectors play a more active and direct role in this type of public diplomacy,beyond its conventional public diplomacy theories. Meanwhile,the U.S. puts high emphasis on collaboration with allies, and on the combined utilization of its hard power with public di-plomacy tools. The public diplomacy on maritime affairs, with growing global impacts in recent years, not only strengthens the policy capacity of the U. S. to engage in the South China Sea issue tangibly or intangi-bly,but also puts great external pressures on China, worsening the regional situation. Confronted with aforementioned challenges, China is supposed to develop a framework of maritime public diplomacy with Chinese characteristics,by upgrading its theoretical systems,optimizing its mechanisms and integrating re-sources concerned, to cope with the offensive U.S. maritime public diplomacy, and safeguard marine rights and interests of China in a better way.