优选适宜边际土地栽培的高产能源作物及其厌氧发酵产气潜力研究

Selection of High Yield Energy Crops for Marginal Land and Its Biogas Production Potential

为保障大型沼气工程充足的发酵原料供给、促进山东胶东半岛区域边际土地生物质原料生产,文章从能源作物生物质量(干重)、生物质产气潜力等两个方面考虑,选择了狼尾草、能源玉米、甜高粱这3种作物的8个品种在胶东半岛的蓬莱地域边际土地上进行种植,通过测定8个品种的生物质产量、产气潜力等相关指标进行检测、分析,结合边际土地的栽培条件,综合评价分析选择出生物质产量(干重)高、产气潜力大的能源作物品种。结果表明:在蓬莱地域边际土地上的生物质量(干重)以能源玉米(先玉335品种)最佳,其次是甜高粱(中能品种),多年生狼尾草,生物质量(干重)分别为33.5 t·hm^(-2)y^(-1),33.0 t·hm^(-2)y^(-1),30.5 t·hm^(-2)y^(-1);沼气产量是以甜高粱(中能品种)最佳,其次是能源玉米(先玉335品种)和多年生杂交狼尾草,其沼气(CH_4 60%)产量分别为:10509.7m^3·hm^(-2)y^(-1),6589.6 m^3·hm^(-2)y^(-1),6188.5 m^3·hm^(-2)y^(-1)。其中多年生狼尾草在蓬莱地域栽培以扦插为主,用工较多,不适合在蓬莱地域大规模种植。甜高粱(中能品种)和能源玉米(先玉335品种)适合大规模种植为规模化沼气工程提供充足的发酵原料;同时提高了胶东半岛区域边际土地的利用率,获得良好的边际土地应用潜力。

To provide sufficient fermentation raw material for large biogas engineering, and promote the biomass production on marginal land in Jiaodong peninsula in Shandong, three kinds of energy crops including Pennisetum, energy corn （Xianyu 335 ）, sweet sorghum（ Zhongneng）, with totally 8 species were planted on marginal land in Penglai district, Shan- dong province. Their biomass production （dry weight） and the biogas production potential were determined and analyzed. The result showed that the energy corn （Xianyu 335） had the best biomass production of 33.5 t hm-2 y-1, and then sweet sorghum （Zhongneng） was 33.0 t hm - 2 y- 1, perennial Pennisetum 30.5 t hm - 2 y - 1. For the biogas production po- tential, the sweet sorghum（Zhongneng） was the best, and then energy corn （Xianyu 335） and perennial Pennisetum, they were 10509.7 m3 hm-2y-1 ,6589.6 m3 hm-2y-1,6188.5 m3 hm-2y-1 respectively. Due to the cuttage planting were the main way for the perennial Pennisetum planting, more labours were needed and not suitable for large-scale cultivation in Penglai, the energy corn and sweet sorghum were suitable for large-scale cultivation providing sufficient raw materials for the biogas engineering, and improving the utilization of marginal land.