我国农作物秸秆资源燃料化利用开发进展

Current Development and Progress of Fuelization of Agricultural Straw in China

我国农作物秸秆资源丰富,利用前景广阔。秸秆燃料化利用技术以其能实现经济、环境和社会效益相统一而受到关注,主要有热解气化、沼气化、固化成型、炭化、直燃发电和制取纤维素乙醇等。文章量化分析了2009~2014年这6种秸秆燃料化利用技术产业发展情况,发现秸秆固化成型、炭化和直燃发电产业发展较快,沼气化产业发展出现瓶颈,热解气化产业发展有所收缩,制取纤维素乙醇产业开始起步。同时分析了我国秸秆燃料化利用产业面临的挑战,并针对挑战提出创新产业投资发展模式、形成定期政策评估机制和加强关键技术与设备研发等对策。

China has abundant agricultural straw resource with great potential for proper utilization. Straw fuelization tech- nologies mainly consist of pyrolysis gasification, anaerobic fermentation, curing, carbonization, direct combustion for power generation and cellulosic ethanol production, etc, attracting extensive attention for their integrated advantage of economic, environmental and social merits. In this paper, a quantitative analysis on industrial development of straw fuelization tech- nologies from 2009 to 2014 was performed. It was found that, over the period, industries of straw curing, carbonization and direct combustion for power generation enjoyed rapid growth, while the anaerobic fermentation encountered bottlenecks. It was also showed that the industry of pyrolysis gasification suffered slight contraction, and cellulosic ethanol production in- dustry had just got started. It was discussed the challenges the straw fuelization industry faced. To cope with the difficul- ties, development patterns of innovation investment, regular evaluation mechanism on policies, strengthening the research on key technologies and equipment, etc, were proposed.