GLP-1／GIP／Gcg三受体激动剂改善阿尔茨海默病三转基因小鼠的认知行为

GLP-1/GIP/Gcg receptor Triagonist improves the cognitive behaviors in triple-transgenic mice of Alzheimer's disease

阿尔茨海默病(Alzheimer’s disease,AD)是一种严重威胁人类健康的进行性神经退行性疾病,目前为止仍然缺乏有效的治疗方法。最新研究表明,2型糖尿病(type 2 diabetes mellitus,T2DM)是AD发生的一个重要危险因素,T2DM的治疗药物对AD也显示出一定的神经保护效应。胰高血糖素样肽-1(glucagon-like peptide-1,GLP-1)/葡萄糖依赖性促胰岛素多肽(glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide,GIP)/胰高血糖素(glucagon,Gcg)三受体激动剂(Triagonist)是在GLP-1/Gcg双受体激动剂关键序列基础上,融入GIP部分氨基酸序列后,改造而成的一种新的、同等程度激活GLP-1/GIP/Gcg受体的单分子多肽。最近Triagonist已在啮齿类动物肥胖模型上被证实具有良好的控制血糖效应。本研究利用多种行为学手段首次观察了慢性腹腔注射Triagonist对三转AD(3xTg-AD)小鼠学习记忆认知行为的改善作用,并利用ELISA和Western blot技术探讨了可能的分子机制。结果显示,Triagonist慢性处理明显逆转了3xTg-AD小鼠的工作记忆损伤,Y迷宫自发交替实验正确率明显上升;Triagonist还改善了3xTg-AD小鼠的长时程空间学习记忆能力,使经典Morris水迷宫测试中的逃避潜伏期明显缩短、目标象限游泳时间延长、对位水迷宫再学习的可塑性增强。ELISA和Western blot实验结果显示,Triagonist上调了3xTg-AD小鼠海马内的cAMP、PKA和p-CREB水平。这些结果表明,GLP-1/GIP/Gcg三受体激动剂可以改善3xTg-AD小鼠的认知行为,c AMP/PKA/CREB信号通路的上调可能介导了其神经保护作用,提示GLP-1/GIP/Gcg三受体激动剂有望成为预防或治疗AD的一种新策略。

Alzheimer＇s disease （AD） is a progressively neurodegenerative disorder, which seriously affects human health but is still irreversible up to now. Recent studies indicate that type 2 diabetes mellitus （T2DM） is an important risk factor for AD, and the drugs used for treatment of T2DM have shown some neuroprotective effects in the treatment of AD. Glucagon-like peptide-1 （GLP-1）/ glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide （GIP）/glucagon （Gcg） receptor Triagonist is a new monomeric polypeptide equally activating the GLP-1/GIP/Gcg receptors, which is built on the basis of GLP-1/Gcg receptor coagonist core sequence, and incorporated with partial amino acids of GIP. Recently, the Triagonist has been reported to be effective in alleviating diabetic complications in rodent models of obesity. The present study observed for the first time the cognitive improvement effects of the Triagonist in the triple-transgenic AD mice （3xTg-AD） by using multiple behavioral techniques, and explored its probable molecular mechanisms using ELISA and Western blot. The results showed that the chronic treatment with the Triagonist （i.p.） significantly reversed the impair- ments in working memory of 3xTg-AD mice, with an obvious increase in the percentage of correct spontaneous alternation in the Y maze; the Triagonist treatment also improved long-term spatial memory and re-learning ability of 3xTg-AD mice in classical Morris water maze and reverse water maze tests, with decreased escape latency in under water platform tests and increased swimming time in probe tests. ELISA and Western blot experiments showed that the Triagonist up-regulated the levels of cAMP, PKA and p-CREB in the hippocampus of 3xTg-AD mice. These results indicate that GLP-I/G1P/Gcg receptor Triagonist can improve the cognitive behaviors in 3xTg-AD mice, and the up-regulation of hippocampal cAMP/PKA/CREB signal pathway may mediate the neuroprotection of the Triagonist, suggesting that the GLP-1/GIP/Gcg receptor Triagonist may be a novel therapeutic strategy for the treatment of AD.