合肥庐江县居民2014年高血压患病率及影响因素分析

Prevalence rate and influencing factors of hypertension among residents in Lujiang County,Hefei,2014

目的调查安徽省合肥市庐江县3镇居民高血压的患病率,探讨其主要影响因素,为高血压防治措施的制定提供依据。方法 2014年7月,采用多阶段分层随机抽样方法在庐江县随机抽取3个镇,每个镇随机抽取3个社区,每个社区随机抽取10个村,对每个村18岁及以上居民进行问卷调查和体格检查。采用单因素和多因素非条件logistic回归对高血压的影响因素进行统计分析。结果本次共调查2 270人,共纳入2 262人,应答率为99.65%。庐江县18岁及以上居民高血压的患病率为39.52%,标化患病率为24.57%。单因素logistic回归分析发现性别、年龄、文化程度、婚姻状况、职业、家庭平均年收入、饮酒、高血压家族史、体育锻炼、体质指数(Body mass index,BMI)和与合安高速距离(即交通噪声)等变量与高血压有关联(P<0.05),其中高龄、婚姻不幸福、饮酒、高血压家族史、高BMI和交通噪声为高血压的危险因素,而男性、高文化程度、职业、高家庭平均年收入和体育锻炼起保护作用。多因素logistic回归分析发现年龄、职业、家庭平均年收入、饮酒、高血压家族史、体育锻炼和BMI等变量与高血压有关联(P<0.05),其OR(Odds ratio,OR)值和95%CI(Confidence interval,CI)分别为3.282(2.711~3.973)、0.920(0.848~0.999)、0.878(0.826~0.935)、1.338(1.072~1.671)、1.648(1.340~2.027)、0.699(0.565~0.866)和1.922(1.684~2.194),其中高龄、饮酒、高血压家族史和高BMI为高血压的危险因素,而职业、高家庭平均年收入和体育锻炼起保护作用。结论庐江县居民高血压的患病率较高,高龄、饮酒、高血压家族史和高BMI为高血压的危险因素,职业、高家庭平均年收入和体育锻炼为保护因素。

Objective To investigate the prevalence rate of hypertension and its main influencing factors among residents in Lu- jiang County, Hefei City, Anhui Province in 2014, so as to provide evidence for developing hypertension prevention and control measures. Methods A multi-stage stratified random sampling method was used to select 3 towns in Lujiang County in July 2014, then 3 communities were randomly selected from each town and 10 villages from each community. A questionnaire survey and physical examinations were conducted among residents aged 18 years and above. Univariable and muhivariable unconditional logistic regression analysis was used to determine the influencing factors of hypertension. Results A total of 2,270 residents participated in the survey, and 2,262 eligible ones were enrolled for final analysis, with the response rate of 99.65%. The prevalence rate of hy- pertension in the residents aged 18 years and above in the 3 towns of Lujiang County was 39.52%, and the standardized prevalence rate was 24.57%. Univariable logistic regression analysis showed that gender, age, education level, marhal status, occupation, av- erage annual household income, alcohol consumption, family history of hypertension, physical exercise, body mass index （BMI） and the distance between the town and He＇ an highway （namely, traffic noise） were associated with hypertension （P〈0. 05）, of which advanced age, unhappy marriage, alcohol consumption, family history of hypertension, high BMI and traffic noise were the risk factors of hypertension, while the male, high education level, occupation, high average annual household income and physical exercise played the protective roles. Muhivariable logistic regression analysis showed that age, occupation, average annual household income, alcohol consumption, family history of hypertension, physical exercise and BMI were correlated with hypertension （P〈 0. 05） , of which the odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals were 3.282 （2.711-3.973） , 0.920 （0.848-0. 999）, 0.878 （0.826 -0.935）, 1.338 （1.072-1.671）, 1.648 （1.340-2.027）, 0.699 （0.565-0.866） and 1.922 （1.684-2. 194） respectively. Advanced age, alcohol consumption, family history of hypertension and high BMI were the risk factors of hypertension, while occupation, high average annum household income and physical exercise played the protective roles. Conclusions The prevalence rate of hypertension in the residents of Lujiang County is high. Advanced age, alcohol consumption, family history of hypertension and high BMI are the risk factors of hypertension, whereas occupation, high average annual household income and physical exercise are the protective factors.