胆道闭锁的影像学诊断研究进展

Research progress of imaging diagnosis in biliary atresia

胆道闭锁（BA）是一种由肝内外胆管系统堵塞引发的小儿消化外科疾病,如不及时治疗将导致胆汁性肝硬化,最终发展为肝衰竭导致患儿死亡;而BA的早期诊断是实现其早期治疗的关键.目前,肝组织活检被认为是诊断BA的金标准,但该法存在侵入性、重复取样及主观性强等缺点.与之相比,超声成像（US）、核磁共振成像（MRI）和肝胆闪烁显像（HBS）等影像技术因其具有无创性、可重复性及操作灵活等特点而在BA的临床诊断中起着重要的作用,已发展成为BA诊断的研究热点.主要聚焦BA影像学诊断的临床应用和最新研究进展.

Biliary atresia（BA） is a serious digestive system disease caused by the obliteration of intrahepatic and extrahepatic biliary system of infancy.Without prompt treatment,BA can cause biliary cirrhosis,and ultimately cause liver failure,leading to death.The early diagnosis of BA is crucial to the early treatment.At present,liver biopsy is considered to be the gold standard of diagnosis of BA,but this method has some shortcomings such as invasive,repeated sampling and subjectivity.In contrast,ultrasonography （US）,magnetic resonance imaging （MRI） and hepatobiliary scintigraphy（HBS） gradually play important roles in clinical diagnoses of BA and become the hotspot of BA diagnoses.This paper focuses on reviewing the clinical applications of BA imaging diagnoses and the latest research progress.