英美大学通识教育目的与模式的比较及启示

Comparison of General Education Aims and Modes between British and American Universities

西方大学通识教育的历史演进以英国和美国大学为主流。比较英国大学与美国大学通识教育的理念与实践,异同并存:在目的演进上都是从关注心智的陶冶到公民的养成;在教育模式上,英国大学采取隐性教育方式,而美国大学独设显性课程模式。两国通识教育在教育目的和教育模式上的异同之处,对我国大学开展通识教育的实践具有一定的借鉴意义。

British and American universities represent the mainstream in the historical evolution of general education in western universities. In terms of the ideas and practice of general education, British and American Universities have both similarities and differences. In the aspect of general education aims, the universities in both countries develop their aims from intellectual development to cultivation of citizenship. In the aspect of general education mode, British universities adopt implicit education, while American universities set up explicit courses. These similarities and differences are of referential significance for general education practice in Chinese universities.