应用技术型大学:新建本科院校转型发展的现实选择

Applied-technology-based Universities:Realistic Choice of Newly Established Colleges in Their Transition Development

新建本科院校转型所定位的应用技术型大学,既不是应用型大学的简称,也不能等同于本科层次的高等职业教育,更不能降级为低层次的职业技术院校、技工学校或技能培训学校,而是一种基于职业教育、专业教育与学术教育融合创新的高等教育类型。创建应用技术型大学的现实理据有二:一是生态位理论与错位发展理论导向下高校办学特色定位的启示;二是高等教育供求结构失衡危机下高校追求内涵式发展的要求。创建应用技术型大学需要从理念引领、教师转型、制度创新三大方面发力,做到在应用型学科群与专业群和谐共生中寻求突破、在分类管理与多层次需求满足中促生转型、在校地互动与产教融合中扫清障碍。

Applied-technology-based universities integrate vocational education, professional education and academic education. The construction of such universities has two realistic motivations. One is the positioning of school characteristics directed by niche theory and the theory of dislocation development. The other is the demand of pursuing connotation development in the crisis of supply-demand imbalance of higher education. Efforts should be made in the lead of ideas, transition of faculty and regulation innovation so as to seek development in the harmonious coexistence of applied and profes- sional disciplines, to promote transition in classified management and multi-level need satisfaction, and to sweep out any barrier in school-region interaction and production-teaching interaction.