2014-2015年宁夏外环境禽流感监测结果分析

Outer Environment Surveillance for Avian Influenza in Ningxia 2014-2015

目的分析2014-2015年宁夏禽流感外环境监测结果,了解外环境中禽流感病毒流行特点和趋势,为采取相应措施控制,降低潜在感染风险提供依据。方法采用Rea-time RT-PCR方法对宁夏兴庆区、平罗县、利通区、原州区、沙坡头区外环境(禽类饮水、笼具表面擦拭、清洗禽类的污水等)标本进行H5、H7、H9禽流感病毒核酸检测。结果 2014-2015年宁夏共采集环境标本1499份,A型流感病毒核酸阳性率为6.60%,检出H9、H5、H9+H5混合和未分型,2015年环境标本阳性率(8.95%)高于2014年(4.40%)(χ~2=12.592,P=0.000)。各地均在环境标本中检出A型禽流感病毒核酸,平罗县阳性率最高,为15.86%,各监测场所阳性率差别有统计学意义(χ~2=44.624,P=0.000)。不同监测场所城乡活禽市场样本阳性率最高,各监测场所阳性率差别有统计学意义(χ~2=44.624,P=0.000);不同类型标本中禽类饮用水阳性率最高。结论宁夏外环境中存在H9、H5亚型禽流感病毒的污染,潜在一定的感染风险,应加强监测和健康教育,采取一定的预防性消毒措施,消除隐患。

Objective To investigate epidemic characteristics and trends of avian influenza virus and to take corresponding measures for controlling and reducing the potential risk. Methods Real-time RT-PCR was employed to detect H5,H7,H9 avian influenza virus nucleic acid in environmental samples. Results A total of3370 environmental samples were collected,and the overall positive rate of avian influenza A virus was 6.60%.H9,H5,H5＋H9 and other subtype were detected. The positive rate of avian influenza in 2015 was significantly higher than that in 2014（χ^2=12.592,P=0.000）. The highest positive rate（15.86%）was found in Pingluo county.Monitoring results of workplace environmental showed that the highest positive rate of avian influenza virus nucleic acid was found in live poultry markets of urban and rural areas. Avian influenza virus nucleic acid test results of different environment samples showed that the highest positive rate was found on poultry drinking water.Conclusion H5 and H9 avian influenza virus had contaminated the poultry environments,which had risk of infecting highly pathogenic avian influenza. It was necessary to strengthen the surveillance and education. We should take some preventive disinfection measures for eliminating hidden dangers.