宁夏贺兰山东麓酿酒葡萄耗水规律及灌溉制度优化研究

A Study on Water Consumption Rule and Irrigation Schedule of Wine grape in the Eastern Foot of Helan Mountain of Ningxia

以宁夏贺兰山东麓大田滴灌酿酒葡萄为研究对象,分析不同灌水处理条件下土壤含水率、耗水规律、品质、产量及水分生产效率的变化,基于多因素提出优化酿酒葡萄滴灌灌溉制度。主要结论有:不同生育期土壤含水率随土层深度呈下降趋势,生育期内果实膨大期土壤含水率最高。阶段耗水量呈现开花期、初果期小,萌芽期、果实膨大期、着色成熟期大的"下开口抛物线"分布,果实膨大期为耗水高峰期,日均耗水量2.26~4.48 mm/d。3 600 m3/hm^2时滴灌酿酒葡萄的可溶性固形物、总酸等含量较优,品质较好,产量、水分生产效率最高。(4)推荐优化酿酒葡萄滴灌灌溉制度为:灌溉定额3 600 m3/hm^2,灌水次数13次,其中萌芽期3次,开花期1次,初果期2次,果实膨大期4次,着色成熟期3次。

Taking the eastern foot of Helan Mountain as a target area and the drip irrigation for wine grape as the research object, the soil moisture dynamics in the root soil layer, changes of the wine grape water consumption rule and the influence of water on the yield and quality and water production efficiency are analyzed under different water treatments. Moreover, based on multi-factors consideration, a reasonable drip irrigation regime for wine grape is put forward. The results show that： In different growth stages, the soil water content decreases with the soil depth, and the soil water content is the highest at the fruit inflating stage. The water consumption shows an ＂open parabolic＂ distribution, which is small in early fruiting period and the germination period and large in fruit expansion period and the coloring maturity period. The water consumption reaches the peak at fruit expansion period and the average daily water consumption is 2.26-4.48 mm/d. Under the treatment of 3 600 m^3/hm^2, the content of soluble solids, total acid and other contents of the wine grape is superior, the quality is good, and the yield and water production efficiency is the highest.④The proposed drip irrigation scheduling for wine grape is： irrigation quota of 3 600 m^3/hm^2, irrigation time of 13 times ,with three times at budding stage ,one time at the flowering period ,two times in the early stage of fruit ,four times at expansion period and three times at the color maturity.