不同小麦种质资源耐深播能力的差异

Difference of Deep-Sowing Tolerance Ability in Wheat Germplasms

为筛选耐深播小麦种质资源,以国内部分育成品种、地方种质及引进种质共100份小麦材料为对象,测定了7和15cm两种播种深度下小麦出苗率、胚芽鞘长、地中茎长和苗高,研究了小麦耐深播相关性状之间的关系,对100份小麦种质的耐深播能力进行了聚类分析和等级划分。结果表明,播种深度从7cm增加到15cm,小麦出苗率显著降低,而胚芽鞘长、地中茎长及苗高却显著增加。在7cm播种深度下,小麦出苗率与苗高以及胚芽鞘长与地中茎总长之和呈正相关;在15cm播种深度下,小麦出苗率与胚芽鞘长、地中茎长、苗高以及胚芽鞘长与地中茎长之和均呈极显著正相关。100份小麦种质可划分为强耐深播、中等耐深播及弱耐深播3种类型,其中富尔纳尼、红春麦、红齐麦、青芒麦、陕地535、三道塘(有芒)、陇春31号等29份材料为强耐深播小麦种质。

100 wheat germplasms,including cultivars, landraces and introduced varieties,were collected as materials for deep-sowing tolerance evaluation at 7 and 15 cm planting depth. The seedling emer- gency rate,the length of eoleoptile,the length of coleoptile internode as well as the height of the seed- ling were measured. The relationship between deep-sowing related traits was analyzed and all the germplasms were clustered into different groups using membership function method. The results showed that with the increase of sowing depth from 7 cm to 15 cm,the seedling emergency rate gradu- ally decreased, while the length of coleoptile, the length of coleoptile internode, the total length of cole- optile and coleoptile internode, as well as the height of the seedling increased. Correlation analysis showed that the seedling emergency rate was remarkably correlated with the total length of coleoptile and coleoptile internode and the height of seedling at 7 cm sowing depth（P^0.05） ,while at 15 cm so- wing depth, the correlation between the seedling emergency rate and the other traits was significant（P d0.01）. 100 wheat germplasms were grouped into three deep-sowing types based on the membership values, 29 germplasms, such as Fuernani, Hongchunmai, Hongqimai, Qingmangmai, Shaandi 535, Sand- aotang and Longchun 31,were grouped into the highly deep-sowing tolerant type.