精神科护士专科规范化培训的实施及效果

Application and effect of the specialized and standardized training among psychiatric nurses

目的探讨精神科护士规范化培训的方法和效果，为规范化培养方案的修订及深入开展提供依据。方法选取2013年新招聘的35名护士为研究对象，采用“基于需求，导师负责”制的方法进行3年的规范化培训，培训前后采用注册护士核心能力量表对培训效果进行评价。结果经过3年的规范化培训，研究对象的核心能力总分为（147．37±14．87）分，高于培训前的总分（114．34±17．12），差异有统计学意义（t=-21．176，P〈0．01）。培训后核心能力7个维度：评判性思维／科研、临床护理、领导能力、人际关系、法律／伦理实践、专业发展、教育／咨询得分分别为（22．60±5．38）、（17．46±3．49）、（29．09±2．79）、（23．69±3．00）、（24．29±3．75）、（12．74±2．65）、（17．51±4．27）分，均高于培训前（14．09±5．14）、（10．11±3．21）、（27．80±3．54）、（22．29±3．03）、（23．17±3．67）、（8．54±4．50）、（8．34±2．81）分，差异有统计学意义0值分别为-13．896、-15．960、-3．277、-3．790、-3．545、-7．727、-14．192；P〈0．01）。结论“基于需求，导师负责”制的规范化培训对精神科新护士的核心能力提高有积极作用。

Objective To investigate the methods and effect of specialized and standardized training, and provide evidence for the revision of the standardized training program. Methods Cluster sampling method was used to recruit all the psychiatric nurses who started their career in 2013 by＂needs-based and tutorial manner＂ cultivating model. These nurses received a three-year standardized training. Competency inventory for registered nurse（CIRN）were used to evaluate the effect of the training program before and after the intervention. Results After three-year standardized training, the total score of CIRN was improved from（114.34 ± 17.12） points to（147.37 ± 14.87）points（t=-21.176, P 〈 0.01）. The dimension score of critical thinking/scientific research, clinical care, leadership ability, interpersonal relationship, legal/ethical practice, professional development and education/consultation were respectively（22.60 ± 5.38）, （17.46 ± 3.49）, （29.09 ± 2.79）, （23.69 ±3.00）, （24.29 ± 3.75）, （12.74 ± 2.65）, （17.51 ± 4.27）after the training, and they were all higher than （14.09 ± 5.14）, （10.11 ± 3.21）, （27.80 ± 3.54）, （22.29 ± 3.03）, （23.17 ±3.670）, （8.54 ± 4.50）, （8.34± 2.81） before the training（t=- 13.896, - 15.960, -3.277, -3.790, -3.545, -7.727, - 14.192 ; P 〈 0.01）. Conclusions ＂Needs-based, tutorial manner＂ standardized training model has a positive effect on improving the core competence of new mental health nurses.