初论全国矿山地质环境现状与存在问题

Preliminary analysis of mine geo-environment status and existing problems in China

全国矿山遥感监测是一项具有中国特色的基础国情调查工作。2014年的遥感调查与监测查明,全国矿山开发占地220.42万hm^2,约占全国陆域面积的0.22%;正在利用的矿山开发占地面积约为113.48万hm^2,废弃的矿山开发占地约为98.25万hm^2,已恢复治理矿山面积约为8.69万hm^2;除矿山环境恢复治理区外,全国矿山开发损毁、占用土地211.73万hm^2,其中,损毁149.33万hm^2,占用62.40万hm^2;全国圈定矿山地质灾害4 716处,包括采矿塌陷1 887处、滑坡1 296处、崩塌1 093处、泥石流440处。根据上述监测成果,初步分析了全国矿山地质环境现状与目前存在的主要问题,提出了对策建议,并展望了全国矿山遥感监测领域的进一步研究方向。

Remote sensing monitoring of the mine is a basic survey with Chinese characteristics. Occupied and damaged land of the mines in 2014 covers an area of 220.42 million hm2 in China, accounting for 0.22% of the total land area. The mining mines cover an area of 113.48 million hm2, the abandoned mines cover an area of 98.25 million hm2, and the mine geo-environment recovery area covers an area of 8.69 million hm2. 211.73 million hm2 of land have been occupied and damaged by the mines in national land, which include 149.33 million hm2 of damage and 62.40 million hm2 of occupation. 4 716 mine geological disasters were delineated in 2014, including 1 887 collapses caused by mining activity, 1 296 landslides, 1 093 avalanches and 440 debris flows. In addition, the management suggestions or countermeasures are discussed, and the orientations for further research in the field are forecast.