社会组织参与社会治理:自治困境与优化路径——来自上海的城市社区治理经验

Social Organizations Participation in Social Governance:Autonomous Dilemma and Optimized Path——The Experience of Urban Community Governance in Shanghai

社会组织是国家治理体系和治理能力现代化的有机组成部分,是社会治理的重要主体和依托。要真正实现多元主体协同共治,必须充分发挥社会组织的作用。在"创新社会治理"、"激发社会组织活力"的目标和要求下,社会组织的发展空间和自治能力越来越受到关注。目前社会组织还面临着资金来源不稳定、经营性项目不规范、运作过程不独立等困境,使我们不得不重新思索社会组织参与社会治理的路径。一方面,政府要改变传统的"分类控制"思路,转为通过政策、资金"嵌入引导"的方式,扩大社会组织的自治空间;另一方面,社会组织也要从对政府的"绝对依赖"转向"最小化依赖",不断提高自身的自治能力。这种双向的改变有可能推动政府和社会组织之间从"依附式合作"转向"协商式合作",从而推动社会治理体制创新。

The social organization is an organic part of the modernization of national governance system and capacity, and it is an important subject of social governance. In order to realize the co- governance of multiple subjects, we must make the social organizations play an important role. Under the goal and require- ment of ＂innovating social governance＂ and ＂stimulating the vitality of social organizations＂, the developing space and the capacity of self-governance of social organizations have received more and more attention. How- ever, recently, social organizations still face difficulties such as that the source of funds is not stable, the oper- ation of projects is not normative, the process of project operation is not independent and so on, which makes us rethink the path of participating in social governance for social organizations. On one hand, the government should change the traditional ＂classification control＂ ideas, use ＂embedded guide＂ ways by policies and funds, expand the autonomous space for the social organizations. On the other hand, social organizations should also change from absolutely depending on the government to ＂minimum dependence＂, and continuously improve their autonomous ability. This kind of bidirectional changes is likely to promote the cooperation be- tween government and social organizations from ＂dependent cooperation＂ to ＂deliberative cooperation＂ and improve the innovation of social governance system.