取穴方法的文献研究

Literature study of acupoint selection methods

对古医籍中针灸取穴方法的研究发现,取穴理论主要分为以痛为腧、辨证取穴、循经取穴、按时取穴等方面。1)以痛为腧:孙思邈对《内经》中的"以痛为腧"的理论进行发挥提出阿是穴理论,王执中提出了"按之酸痛是穴"的学说,这是对以痛为腧的选穴内容进一步的完善。2)辨证取穴:皇甫谧《针灸甲乙经》记载了数百种病症的针灸选穴处方,确立了辨证取穴的规范。巢元方的《诸病源候论》用经络理论论述了病机,丰富了辨证取穴的内容。3)循经取穴:李梴的取穴学说重视经络学说的指导作用,主张取穴即取经络之气,以未病部位为主。4)按时取穴:金代何若愚提出了子午流注法,窦汉卿总结出了"流注八穴"的主治病症,元代医家王国瑞提出十二经"夫妇相合逐日按时取原说"和飞腾八法的理论,徐凤在前人的理论基础上完善了子午流注法和倡用灵龟八法、飞腾八法。

The theory about acupoint selection can be divided into to four part, acupoint selection at pain point, acupoint selection based on syndrome differentiation, acupoint selection use channels, acupoint selection on time. 1. Acupoint selection at pain point： SUN Simiao created Ashi acupoint from theory in the Canon of Internal Medicine, WANG Zhizhong pust forwarded ＂press feel pain is acupoint＂ theory, they were promoted the development of this theory. 2. Acupoint selection based on syndrome differentiation： HUANG Fumi recorded hundreds of disease prescription about acupuncture therapy in his book ＂a-b classic of acupuncture and moxibustion＂. The book ＂Zhu Bing Yuan Hou Lun＂ was written by CHAO Yuanfang who used the theory of meridians to discuss pathogenesis. They enrich the theory of acupoint selection based on syndrome differentiation. 3. Acupoint selection use channels： LI Chan＇s theory about acupoint selection was attached importance to the guiding function of meridians and thought the main acupoint selection was found the qi of meridians, not to find detailed acupoint, especially no sick meridians. 4. Acupoint selection on time： HE Ruoyu putted forwarded the ＂acupuncture based on the midnight-noon ebb-flow theory＂, DOU Hanqing summarized the attending disease about ＂eight confluence points＂ theory, WANG Guorui putted forwarded the theory of ＂method of eight flight＂, XU Feng made further efforts to improve the theory of ＂acupuncture based on the midnight-noon ebb-flow theory＂, ＂eight methods of intelligent turtle＂ and ＂method of eight flight＂.