汉魏六朝诗歌单篇传播考论

On the Individual Spreading of the Poems in Han,Wei and the Six Dynasties

汉魏六朝时期主要有石刻、题壁、传抄等三种诗歌单篇散传形态。汉魏晋时期的石刻诗多依附于功德碑,南北朝的石刻才成为诗歌文本传播的形态之一。诗歌题壁之风从南北朝开始盛行,有题壁、题树、题棺、题柱、题亭等多种形式,除诗人自己题写外,还有读者的题壁把玩,并出现了对诗歌题壁传播效果的记载。诗歌纸本书写与传抄是我国造纸技术进一步发展、纸张于书写领域广泛使用的结果,因传抄可以辗转进行、流动传播,比题壁、石刻等信息源固定的传播形式效果更明显,成为东晋南北朝诗歌单篇散传的主要方式。

During the Han, Wei and the Six Dynasties, the individual spreading of poems included three forms： stone inscriptions, wall-poets, and the copies. The stone inscriptions of the Han, Wei and Jin Dynasties were mostly attached to the monument of merit. It was not until the Southern and Northern Dynasties that stone carvings became one of the spreading forms of poem texts. The style of wall-poets began to prevail in the Southern and Northern Dynasties, including various forms like writing poems on the wall, or on the tree, coffin, pillar and pavilion, etc. In addition to the poet＇s own inscriptions, there were readers＇ comments on the them, and there also appeared retevant records of the spread effect of wall-poets. Poetry writing on paper and copying resulted from the further development of paper-making technology and a wide use of paper writing in China. With better spreading effect than some fixed spreading forms like wall-poets and stone inscriptions, transcriptions became the major way to spread individual poetry in Eastern Jin and Southern and Northern Dynasties.