台湾的长期照顾政策回顾与反思

A Review of Long-term Care Policies in Taiwan

为了应对人口老龄化、少子化以及劳动力年龄结构的变化,需要探讨一种适合台湾社会与文化、人口结构与特质的长期照顾服务制度。经过2000年以来的论证规划,台湾于2008年正式实施《长期照顾十年计划》,此后长期照顾服务需求人数逐年扩大,长期照顾服务更具成熟,在此基础上出台了《长期照顾服务法》,2016年6月起提出《长期照顾2.0计划》。16年来长期照顾服务面临着本地人力资源匮乏、外籍劳工引进难、长期照顾服务经费投入难以持续等问题的挑战。这就需要我们从人口及文化特质角度深入探讨长期照顾究竟走向税收制还是保险制,实行长期照顾服务如何依托家庭、挖掘中华传统孝道文化实现成功老龄化与积极老龄化,从而促进长期照顾服务的可持续发展。

The objective of this paper is to illustrate that Taiwan has experienced rapidly declining birth rates since 1950.Total fertility rate was 7 in early 1950s,and reached to the replacement level in 1984,and it continuously decreased to around one in this century.On the other hand,the life span was significantly increased over time and got to age 80 on average in recent years.Declining births and increasing live spans have being resulted in the population aging,and most importantly the aging rate will be accelerating in the coming years.This paper depicts the development of Long-term Care(LTC)policies in Taiwan in this century.Before 2008,it was the Preparation and Research Stage.The LTC 10-year plan implemented in between 2008—2016 was the second stage.Since Jun.2016,the LTC 2.0 was taking place.Lack of care givers and whether LTC insurance was implemented are major challenges for present Taiwan.The author suggests taking the demographic and cultural features into account for the policy of aging in place as well as the goal for sustainability.