急性胰腺炎实验动物模型的研究进展

Advances in the research of experimental animal models of acute pancreatitis

人类疾病动物模型(animal model human disease)是指医学科研中构建各种模拟人类疾病病理特点和发病过程的动物。由于临床研究受到患者来源、依从性和伦理学等方面限制,通过建立动物模型,可以排除掉干扰因素的影响,从而能更加具有针对性的观察实验结果。急性胰腺炎(acute pancreatitis,AP)是最常见的消化系统疾病之一,最常见的病因是为胆源性,其次是高脂肪饮食(过度饮食)及酒精性。急性胰腺炎有很高的患病率,而重症急性胰腺炎则有极高的病死率。多种的临床介入方法可用于治疗急性胰腺炎,但缺乏特别有效的药物治疗。急性胰腺炎的发病机制长期以来是医学界研究的一个重要课题。为了探寻急性胰腺炎的发病机制、病理生理变化及其治疗方法,研究者已经创立了多种AP动物模型诱导方法。各种活体AP动物模型能在不同的方面模拟人类AP病变过程,可根据不同的研究需要,选择合适的动物模型,选择的AP动物模型能够大量快速建模,所建模型各项检测指标结果切合实际,与现有的机制理论相符,并且建模完成后动物的死亡率低,便于相关研究的长期进行。本文就对AP动物模型构造相关研究进展进行总结和整理综述,为AP的发病机制研究和药物干预研究提供一种合适稳定的动物模型。

The animal model human disease is a kind of animal which can simulate the pathological characteristics and pathogenesis of human diseases. Due to the limitation of the clinical research, such as the source of the patient, the compliance and ethics, and so on, the animal model can be used to eliminate the influence of interference factors. Acute Pancrea- titis （AP） is one of the most common causes for hospitalization related to a gastrointestinal disorder, The most common pathogenesis was biliary origin,followed by a high-fat-diet （excessive diet） and alcoholic. It carries significant morbidity, and when severe, significant mortality. Multiple interventions have been studied to treat pancreatitis, but it has not effective drugs that can prevent the development of AP. The pathogenesis of acute pancreatitis has been an important research topic for a long time. In order to offer clues to etiology, pathogenesis, pathophysiology and therapy of acute pancreatits, various AP animal models have been established. These animal models can stimulate different aspects of the disease process of hu- man AP. According to meet the different research needs, an appropriate, simple and reproducible animal models of AP should be selected. Here＇ s to briefly conclude and analyze the recent advances in the development of animal models of AP to provide a suitable stable animal model for pathogenesis research and drug intervention of AP.