大气能见度及影响因子特征分析

The characteristics of atmospheric visibility and influencing factors

为研究大气能见度下降与气象要素和环境空气污染物的关系,利用2014年邢台市逐时气象观测资料和同期环境空气监测数据,对气温、露点温度、气压、相对湿度、平均风速、SO_2、NO_2、CO、O_3、PM_(10)、PM_(2.5)和粒子直径介于2.5-10μm的环境空气污染物与大气能见度进行了分析。结果表明:相对湿度和PM_(2.5)质量浓度与大气能见度有很好的负相关,随相对湿度的升高,大气能见度下降和PM_(2.5)质量浓度上升趋势明显。利用PM_(2.5)数据得到了不同相对湿度下的非线性大气能见度拟合方程,在相对湿度≤19%时,PM_(2.5)质量浓度与大气能见度呈对数关系明显;相对湿度介于20-29%时呈指数关系明显;相对湿度≥30%时呈乘幂关系明显。经验证,建立的拟合公式具有较好的实际应用价值。

Based on the hourly meteorological observation data and the environmental monitoring data in Xingtai,the relationship between the decrease of atmospheric visibility and meteorological factors and environmental air pollutants were analyzed by using air temperature,dew point temperature,air pressure,relative humidity,average wind speed,SO2,NO2,CO,O3,PM（10）,PM（2.5）and the particle diameter of ambient air pollutant between 2.5-10μm. The results show that： relative humidity,PM（2.5）concentration and atmospheric visibility showed a good negative correlation. With the rise of relative humidity,atmospheric visibility and PM（2.5）concentration increased significantly. According to the PM（2.5）and relative humidity the nonlinear fitting equations for atmospheric visibility were obtained. As the relative humidity was ≤19%,the mass concentration of PM（2.5）were positively correlated with the atmospheric visibility; while relative humidity was between 20% to 29%,the exponential relationship was obvious; as the relative humidity was ≥ 30% the distinct power relationship was obvious. Verification showed the fitting formula has the good application value.